如何利用经济学人economist学英语？ - 知乎735被浏览113267分享邀请回答 的网站上学到。）在paraphrase 中应该注意：1.using synonyms2.change the word order3.change the form of word4.change from active to passive 在make a complex sentence时，可以运用四种从句：1.relative clauses2. subordinate clauses3. conditional clauses4. compound sentences第二段：Companies are abandoning functional silos and organising employees into cross-disciplinary teams that focus on particular products, problems or customers. These teams are gaining more power to run their own affairs. They are also spending more time working with each other rather than reporting upwards. Deloitte argues that a new organisational form is on the rise: a network of teams is replacing the conventional hierarchy.词汇：abandon functional silos： 放弃缺少合作的组织架构（functional silos ：an organisation whose functions tend to be less communicative and collaborative）organise...into cross-disciplinary teams 跨职能团队（disciplianary:纪律的；惩戒的)gaining more power 获得更多能力run their own affairs处理事务reporting upwards on the rise =increasing 上升conventional hierarchy 传统的等级制度表达团队的词伙: a network of teams
a organisational form 结构：四句话公司取消个人工作，组织专门化团队；（用了一个定于从句修饰teams)这些团队有更大的能力运行事务；花更多的时间一起工作；(用 more比较级，用...rather than句式） 新的组织形式增长，团队取代个人。The fashion for teams is driven by a sense that the old way of organising people is too rigid for both the modern marketplace and the expectations of employees. Technological innovation puts a premium on agility. John Chambers, chairman of Cisco, an electronics firm, says that “we compete against market transitions, not competitors. Product transitions used to take now they take one or two.” Digital technology also makes it easier for people to co-ordinate their activities without resorting to hierarchy. The “millennials” who will soon make up half the workforce in rich countries were reared from nursery school onwards to work in groups.词汇:be driven by 驱使be rigid for 对...来说是僵化的morden marketplace 国际市场Technological innovation
技术创新puts a premium on：（ to consider something important or valuable）Technological innovation puts a premium on agility. 技术创新使灵活性更有价值market transitions/Product transitions 市场转变/产品转变Digital technology 电子技术resorting to hierarchy 不得不依靠等级制度（resort to sth:（别无办法的情况下）诉诸，依靠，采用）were reared from
有develop发展的意思onwards 在...之后表达团队的词伙:
co-ordinate their activities
work in groups结构：五句话团队流行的原因：传统组织形式太死板（用be driven by表达了一个结果状语，用that引导同位语从句）技术创新使灵活性更重要了。思科总裁说，我们是和市场竞争，产品变革太快了。电子技术也使得人们开始合作。（用了一个also表示递进，用了一个without）举了一个例子（用了一个who引导的定于从句,用onwards to 引导一个时间状语）思路：总起1说原因，然后2，3，4继续论证技术发展需要合作，5举例再论证The fashion for teams is also spreading from the usual corporate suspects (such as GE and IBM) to some more unusual ones. The Cleveland Clinic, a hospital operator, has reorganised its medical staff into teams to focus on partic consultants, nurses and others collaborate closely instead of being separated by speciality and rank. The US Army has gone the same way. In his book, “Team of Teams”, General Stanley McChrystal describes how the army’s hierarchical structurehindered its operations during the early stages of the Iraq war. His solution was to learn something from the insurgents it was fighting: decentraliseauthority to self-organising teams.词汇：the usual suspect 意料中会出现的人；经常做某事的人collaborate 合作 being separated by speciality and rank 被专业领域和等级分开hierarchical structure 阶级结构hindered its operations阻碍组织 （hinder：阻碍，妨碍）insurgents 叛乱者decentralise authority to把权力下方表达团队的词伙: self-organising teams结构：六句话团队在大公司和小公司中都很流行( 用from... to) 医院领导重组医生团队，专注于特殊治疗咨询护理等合作而不是分开了(用了一个instead of )美国军队也如此The US Army has gone the same way. 在书中描述，阶级斗争怎么阻碍他的组织解决办法是将权利下放到小团队中思路：总起1，举了两个例子: 医院23 军队456A good rule of thumb is that as soon as generals and hospital administrators jump on a management bandwagon, it is time to ask questions. Leigh Thompson of Kellogg School of Management in Illinois warns that, “Teams are not always the answer—teams may provide insight, creativity and knowledge in a way that a person working
but teamwork may also lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making.” The late Richard Hackman of Harvard University once argued, “I have no question that when you have a team, the possibility exists that it will generate magic, producing something extraordinary…But don’t count on it.”词汇：rule of thumb: a practical and approximate way of doing or measuringsomething经验之谈hospital administrators=hospital operatorsjump on bandwagon 跟上浪潮provide insight, creativity and knowledge提供洞察力，创造力和知识lead to confusion, delay and poor decision-making带来困惑，拖延，坏的决定generate magic汇聚魔力producing something extraordinary 产生非凡的东西count on it 期望表达团队的词伙: (反）work independently
teamwork结构：经验就是要现象产生后要问问题。（a good rule of thumb is that....;as soon as....., it's time to......)有人说，团队可以好处而个人不可以，但是团队也可以带来坏处。（ that引导定于从句修饰 ....but....)哈佛的人说，毫无疑问你有团队就存在好处，但不能依靠它。(
that 引导同位语从句修饰possibility）思路：提出观点，举两个例子Hackman (who died in 2013) noted that teams are hampered by problems of co-ordination and motivation that chip away at the benefits of collaboration.High-flyers forced to work in teams may be undervalued and free-riders empowered.
Groupthink may be unavoidable. In a study of 120 teams of senior executives, he discovered that less than 10% of their supposed members agreed on who exactly was on the team. If it is hard enough to define a team’s membership, agreeing on its purpose is harder still.词汇：hamper :阻碍，妨碍
上面出现过一个词hinder co-ordination
协调chip away at
：Gradually and relentlessly make something smaller or weaker:collaboration
合作，协作undervalue：轻视High-flyers：someone who has a lot of ability and a strong wish to be successful and is therefore expected to achieve a lot: free-riders：a person or company that gets an advantage without payingfor it or earning it:High-flyers
free-riders
这两个词对应Groupthink：团体思想结构：五句话海克曼说，团队往往被一些，常被合作所带来的好处所掩盖协调、激励的问题，所阻碍。（sb noted that....;
that 修饰？？？）能力高的人被轻视，能力差的人掌权。（用了一个定语从句，forced...修饰high-flyers)（用High-flyers
free-riders
这两个词对应）团队间的思维得不到体现根据研究，很少人认同参与到团队中团队关系很难定义，团队目标就更难定义。Profound changes in the workforce are making teams trickier to manage. Teams work best if their members have a strong common culture. This is hard to achieve when, as is now the case in many big firms, a large proportion of staff are temporary contractors. Teamwork improves with time: America’s National Transportation Safety Board found that 73% of the incidents in its civil-aviation database occurred on a crew’s first day of flying together. However, as Amy Edmondson of Harvard points out, organisations increasingly use “team” as a verb rather than a noun: they form teams for specific purposes and then quickly disband them.词汇：Profound changes：深刻变化tricky：难办的，难对付的 have a strong common culture：有很强的共同文化incidents：（不愉快的）事件civil-aviationm database ：民用航空数据库a crew’s first day of flying together 全体机组人员第一次见面disband a team :解散团队
form team 成立队伍结构：劳动力深刻变化使团队更难管理队员有共同话题团队才工作好这很难实现，作为现在大公司遇到的问题，绝大部分员工是短暂交流者（用一个as引导的非限定性定于从句）团队工作随着时间改善。ANTSB 发现在民用航空数据库中记载中，73%的不愉快事件由于职员第一次见面。然而，AE指出，组织绝大多数把team作为动词而不是名字，组建了又解散。（用一个however表转折，Teeming with doubtsThe least that can be concluded from this research is that companies need to think harder about managing teams. They need to rid their minds ofsentimental egalitarianism: the most successful teams have leaders who set an overall directionand clamp down on dithering and waffle. They need to keep teams small and focused: giving in to pressure to be more “inclusive” is a guarantee of dysfunction. Jeff Bezos, Amazon’s boss, says that “If I see more than two pizzas for lunch, the team is too big.” They need to immunise teams against groupthink: Hackman argued that the best ones contain “deviants” who are willing to ruffle feathers. A new study of 12,000 workers in 17 countries by Steelcase, a furniture-maker which also does consulting, finds that the best way to ensure employees are “engaged” is to give them more control over where and how they do their work—which may mean liberating them from having to do everything in collaboration with others.词汇：rid sth of 使…摆脱；从…清除；使…去除sentimental egalitarianism 感情用事的平等主意者set an overall direction:设立全面的目标clamp down on sth:取缔；严禁；强行限制；压制(to take strong action to stop or limit a harmful or unwantedactivity)clamp down on dithering and waffle:禁止犹豫和胡扯inclusive：可以包容各种人的a guarantee of dysfunction：机体失调的保证immunise teams against groupthink: 使小组避免小团体（上文中的groupthink 作小组思想聚焦的意思，这里应该是贬义词） ruffle sb's feathers：使（某人）心烦意乱；使（某人）生气；使（某人）恼怒 liberating:令人感到自由的，令人畅快的，令人自由自在的 liberate sb from deviants：行为不正常的人engaged已婚的结构：最后从调查中可以得出公司需要下功夫管理。（the least that can be cinclued....)他们需要抛弃感情用事，最成功团队领导的特点，制定目标，不犹豫胡扯。（rid their minds of .....; who 引导定于从句）保持团队小而专注：把压力转化为包容，可以避免机体失调（giving to 作状语）亚马逊的老板说，如果我看到午餐有两块匹萨，说明人太多了。应该避免团队 小团体分裂，H说最好的团队是包含那些会使人心烦的行为不正常者。（who引导定从修饰deviants)新的研究发现，最好的办法是，给那些已经结婚的雇员决定哪里工作怎么工作的权利，这意味着是他们自由的去和他人合作。However, organisations need to learn something bigger than how to manage teams better: they need to be in the habit of asking themselves whether teams are the best tools for the job. Team-building skills are in short supply: Deloitte reports that only 12% of the executives they contacted feel they understand the way people work together in networks and only 21% feel confident in their ability to build cross-functional teams. Slackly managed teams can become hotbeds of distraction—employees routinely complain that they can’t get their work done because they are forced to spend too much time in meetings or compelled to work in noisy offices. Even in the age of open-plan offices and social networks some work is best left to the individual.结构词汇：in the habit of:有...的习惯in short supply：短缺feel confident in their ability to do 有信心做...slackly:不紧的，松的Slackly managed teams
管理松的队伍hotbeds of distraction
注意力不集中的温床work in noisy offices
在嘈杂的办公室工作be forced to de =be compelled to do 被迫做某事in the age of open-plan offices and social networks敞开式的办公室和社会工作网的时代结构：组织机构需要学比管理更多的知识，要学会问自己，团队是最好的工具？团队建设技能缺乏，德勤报告说，12和21管理松的团队是分散注意力的温床，职工被迫花时间开会或者在嘈杂的环境中工作，效率不高。甚至在现在敞开式办公和社交网络年代，一个人工作比较好 阅读方法平时学习过程中，大家可以在网站上（阅读原文）上阅读，看得时候可以导到印象笔记或者instapaper里做笔记，用客户端（app:Economist）的同学，可以直接在软件里查词，或者复制粘贴到上述软件做笔记，也可以导成pdf放在手机下载的kindle里做笔记）标注出自己不认识的单词，或者觉得用的好的词组或者搭配，然后查阅字典（可以用欧陆词典，或者苹果自带的牛津英汉汉英词典等，或者kindle的词典）标注出自己觉得写的好句式，下划线，方便阅读整理完笔记后定期复习，相信你会有收获的！最后推荐几个微信公众号啦：（这个我就不介绍了）（推荐奶爸的《把你的英语用起来》！）（学翻译的看这里！）（知乎上必须要关注的人之一！）（虽然Justin没有更新了，但是偶尔翻出来看 看经济学人赏析还是干货满满啊！）（微博@爱英语斯坦，英语面试系列超赞）20637 条评论分享收藏感谢收起3添加评论分享收藏感谢收起查看更多回答学霸的完美阅读材料 看经济学人如何分析世界经济
单词数:788
导读:全球经济正在同步上扬，要感谢的是刺激政策而非民粹主义。
ECONOMIC and political cycles have a habit of being out of sync. Just ask George Bush senior, who lost the presidential election in 1992 because voters blamed him for the recent recession. Or Chancellor Gerhard Schr?der, booted out by German voters in 2005 after imposing painful reforms, only to see Angela Merkel reap the rewards.经济和政治的周期往往并不同步。看看老布什，1992年他输掉了总统竞选，因为选民把当时经济衰退的责任算在他的头上。再看看施罗德，在实施了一番艰辛的改革后，他在2005年被德国选民撵下台，眼睁睁看着默克尔坐享其成。Today, almost ten years after the most severe financial crisis since the Depression, a broad-based economic upswing is at last under way. In America, Europe, Asia and the emerging markets, for the first time since a brief rebound in 2010, all the burners are firing at once.今天，大萧条之后最严重的金融危机已过去近十年，一场大范围的经济增长终于到来。经历2010年的短暂反弹之后，美国、欧洲、亚洲和新兴市场第一次同时开动马力。But the political mood is sour. A populist rebellion, nurtured by years of sluggish growth, is still spreading. Globalisation is out of favour. An economic nationalist sits in the White House. This week all eyes were on Dutch elections featuring Geert Wilders, a Dutch Islamophobic ideologue, just one of many European malcontents.但是政治气氛却令人失望。因多年经济增长缓慢而滋生的民粹主义反叛仍在蔓延。全球化不受待见。主政白宫的是一位经济民族主义者。本周，所有人都盯着荷兰大选，主角是荷兰的反穆斯林倡导者海尔特·维尔德斯（Geert Wilders），而他仅仅是欧洲众多对现实不满者之一。This dissonance is dangerous. If populist politicians win credit for a more buoyant economy, their policies will gain credence, with potentially devastating effects. As a long-awaited upswing lifts spirits and spreads confidence, the big question is: what lies behind it?这样的错位非常危险。如果将更繁荣的经济归功于民粹政治家，那么他们的政策就将赢得民众信任，这可能会有毁灭性的影响。人们期盼已久的经济增长振奋了精神、传播了信心，现在的重要问题是：究竟是什么推动了增长？The past decade has been marked by false dawns, in which optimism at the start of a year has been undone—whether by the euro crisis, wobbles in emerging markets, the collapse of the oil price or fears of a meltdown in China. America’s economy has kept growing, but always into a headwind. A year ago, the Federal Reserve had expected to raise interest rates four times in 2016. Global frailties put paid to that.过去十年曾经呈现出多次虚假的曙光。由于欧元危机、新兴市场动荡、油价暴跌或是对中国经济崩溃的担忧等种种原因，一年之初鼓起的乐观情绪最后总是烟消云散。美国的经济在持续增长，但始终遭遇逆风。一年前，美联储原本预计在2016年加息四次，全球经济的低迷让这一计划落空。Now things are different. This week the Fed raised rates for the second time in three months—thanks partly to the vigour of the American economy, but also because of growth everywhere else. Fears about Chinese overcapacity, and of a yuan devaluation, have receded. In February factory-gate inflation was close to a nine-year high. In Japan in the fourth quarter capital expenditure grew at its fastest rate in three years. The euro area has been gathering speed since 2015. The European Commission’s economic-sentiment index is at its highest since 2011; euro-zone unemployment is at its lowest since 2009.现在的情况则不同。本周美联储三个月来第二次加息，部分原因是美国经济的活力，但也多亏了全球各地的增长，对中国产能过剩以及人民币贬值的担忧已经消退。2月，中国工业品出厂价格涨幅已接近九年来最高点。日本第四季度资本支出的增长达到三年来最快速度。欧元区自2015年以来逐渐提速。欧盟委员会的经济景气指数（economic-sentiment index）达到2011年以来的最高点；欧元区失业率则为2009年以来最低。The bellwethers of global activity look sprightly, too. In February South Korea, a proxy for world trade, notched up export growth above 20%. Taiwanese manufacturers have posted 12 consecutive months of expansion. Even in places inured to recession the worst is over. The Brazilian economy has been shrinking for eight quarters but, with inflation expectations tamed, interest rates are now falling. Brazil and Russia are likely to add to global GDP this year, not subtract from it. The Institute of International Finance reckons that in January the developing world hit its fastest monthly rate of growth since 2011.全球经济活动的风向标看起来也很有活力。作为全球贸易的风向标，韩国2月出口增长超过20%。台湾制造企业已经连续12个月扩大生产。即便是深陷衰退的地方，最坏的境况也已过去。巴西和俄罗斯有望为今年全球GDP增长做出贡献，而不再是拖后腿。据国际金融研究所（The Institute of International Finance）估算，1月发展中国家的月增长率已达2011年来的最快水平。This is not to say the world economy is back to normal. Oil prices fell by 10% in the week to March 15th on renewed a sustained fall would hurt the economies of producers more than it would benefit consumers. China’s build-up of debt is of enduring concern. Productivity growth in the rich world remains weak. Outside America, wages are still growing slowly. And in America, surging business confidence has yet to translate into surging investment.这并不意味着全球经济已恢复正常。因为再度担心供大于求，直到3月15日的一周内油价下跌了10%；如果油价持续下跌，对产油国经济的损害会比消费者获得的益处更大。中国债务的积累始终令人担忧，富裕世界的生产力增长仍然疲软。美国以外，工资增长仍然缓慢，而在美国国内，汹涌而来的商业信心尚未转化为积极的投资活动。
来源:The Economist爱语吧作者:Jiang Yuhui
上一篇:下一篇:
您的平均阅读速度为0/min,您的英语水平为，继续努力哦！
爱语吧网站
爱语吧 （京ICP备号）CopyRight (C) ，All rights reserved摘要：利用经济学人杂志提升英文水平
聊一聊我读《经济学人》的一些体会吧，这是一篇比较长的文章，希望你能花十分钟仔细看完。
阅读前需要的工具准备：
1.电脑（由于资源都是电子版本，因此推荐在电脑上阅读，后续的查词和整理也更为方便）
2. 电子版的英英词典，推荐《朗文英英5》和《韦氏大学》，其他ESL英英词典如《柯林斯第三版》《剑桥英英词典》也可以。建议使用开源词典软件如 Mdict，深蓝词典或者灵格斯词典，以上的软件都可以一次性加载多本词典，有利于查词时加深对单词的理解。上面软件的下载及使用方法都可以在网上找到。 不推荐有道及金山等英汉词典。如果是在线学习的话推荐一个很好用的查词网站
3.Word 文档(或其他记事本工具)
1.经济学人各板块文章介绍
我们先来看看每一期的经济学人都包含哪些内容。这是某一期的文章目录
1.The world this week: 主要是对过去一周发生的时事进行梳理，有点类似BBC和CNN的新闻报道，包含时事新闻和财经类新闻。对应音频朗读的语速较快，适合作为听力训练材料。
2.Leaders： 即社论，对本周热点事件进行报道和解读，文章长度中等，每篇的单词量在500到1200之间。社论文章往往写得短小精悍，信息量大，个人认为是TE中最有阅读价值的板块之一。
3.Letters： 读者来信，经济学人的Letters版块刊登了每周的读者来信，杂志的定位为面向全球高端人群，给经济学人写信的读者包括大学教授，高层政府官员，国际组织负责人，甚至还有国家元首。这些信件用词精确，论证严谨，非常具有可读性。去年经济学人曾经做过一个China and the Internet 的特别报告，指责我国的网络审查制度。文章发出不久后就收到了中国驻英大使对此的声明和解释。我们可以从读者来信中学习怎样就一个观点进行论证和反驳，从 里面也可以学到很多议论文论证的经典句式。
4.Briefing: 该板块主要是对一个特定的热点话题进行深度讨论，一般每期都会有一个话题，比如之前的俄罗斯入侵乌克兰事件，世界杯，谷歌，在线教育，大学改革等。推荐阅读。
5.United States, The Americas, China ,Asia, Middle East and Africa ,Europe ,Britain ,International 这些板块分别是对世界各大洲和三个国家（美国，中国和英国）的本周热点报道和评论。
6.Business ： 商业板块，主要报道解读本周全球热点商业新闻，信息量大，是很好的商业信息获取渠道。
7.Finance and economics : 财经新闻，主要是对相关财经新闻的报道。值得一提的是经济学人并不纯粹是一本专业的财经杂志，它其实是一本覆盖了政治，科技，文化，艺术，商业，财经等的 综合杂志。即使是财经板块也对读者非常友好，没有太多复杂的专业术语，文章中有时候甚至连IPO（initial public offering）这样的单词都会拿出来解释。所以各位不用担心因为专业知识不够而读不懂文章。
8.Science and technology: 科技板块，大部分文章长度在500到1500词之间。文章难度较高，有时候会出现不少专业术语。据说是考研文章的重点题源。
9.Books and arts: 文化及书籍板块，主要内容是书评和对一些文化现象的讨论。这个板块的文章往往生词较多，用词也偏文学化，想提高词汇量的同学可以重点精读此板块的文章。
10.Obituary ：讣告。经济学人中很多讣告写得爱憎分明，人物形象刻画非常生动，比如之前对撒切尔夫人，曼德拉和马尔克斯的讣告写得都非常精彩，推荐阅读。
11.Economic and financial indicators : 主要是一些商业及财经指数。
2.怎样高效利用经济学人资源
首先说明一点，要能够顺利读懂乃至高效利用经济学人阅读材料有两个前提：一个是要有大致牢固的语法基础，一个是要有一定的词汇量基础。
1.大致牢固的语法基础是指有个明确的语法框架，知道最基本的五大句型，关系词，非谓语动词，助动词，基本的时态及语态，虚拟语气，倒装结构，比较结构等，如果 觉得自己语法基础不牢固的可以回去先通读一本语法书（推荐《赖世雄语法》），熟悉基本的语法框架，然后在接下来的阅读中不断重现巩固语法知识。
2.一 定的词汇量基础。经济学人文章的词汇量有难度，因此如果词汇量太低阅读学习的时候会困难重重。个人体会是当词汇量超过20000以后读起经济学人及其他外刊（Times，New Yorker etc.）会轻松很多，虽然还是会碰到生词（作为英语非母语学习者，这一点几乎无法避免），但是不阻碍对文章的理解。词汇量上升到一定程度后对文章的理解 不再被生词所束缚，而是会上升到获取信息与赏析文章的阶段。
怎样获知自己的词汇量大小呢？这里可以提供一个测词汇量的网站Test Your Vocabulary , 测试的时候对自己要诚实，是多少就是多少。一般词汇量在8000左右就可以开始读经济学人了。这里要说一下词汇量的问题，多大的词汇量才够用？我的理解 是，越大越好。是的，两三万算凑合，四五万也不嫌多。我们常常听过段子说英美某地的农民一生只用到几百个词汇结果还是活得好好的，但我们要知道几百词汇量 那是英美文盲的水平，如果你要当文盲的话，那我也无话可说。国外有人做过统计，受过良好教育的英语母语人士词汇量普遍在30000左右，而且会随着年龄增 长而不断提高。所以在积累词汇量的路上是永无止境的。我们的目标应该是追求更多。
假如你词汇基础及格，语法靠谱，那么接下来怎样快速积累词汇提高语言应用水平呢。我的方法是，配合英英词典来精读文章。下面是具体的操作。这是经济学人最近一期的文章节选：
EVEN with the best will in the world—which, in 2014, has not been conspicuously forthcoming—the outgoing year could not be regarded as one of the planet’s finest. Between war, disease and insurrection, the past 12 months have often seemed a gory relay for the apocalypse’s four horsemen. But look closely, and amid the misery there have been reasons for optimism. Whether by dint of boldness or stoicism, there are numerous candidates for the coveted title of The Economist’s country of the year.
In fact 2014 was a bad year for the very concept of countries, as well as for lots of individual nations. The pre-modern marauders of Islamic State (IS) rampaged between Iraq and Syria, and Russian forces dismembered Ukraine, as if borders were elastic lines rather than fixed frontiers. Boko Haram traduced the sovereignty of Nigeria while the Shabab convulsed the Horn of Africa. South Sudan, a brand new country born only three years ago, imploded in civil war.
以上段落中加黑标注斜线的是可能会碰到的生词，节选的两段文章只有短短的162词，但我们统计出来的生词数就有16个。当然，不同的文章生词出现的频率会稍有不同，但节选的段落具有很大的代表性。我们把这16个生词整理一下
1. Forthcoming 2. Outgoing 3. Insurrection 4. Gory 5. Relay 6. apocalypse’s four horsemen 7. Dint 8. Stoicism 9. Coveted 10. Marauder 11. Rampaged 12. Dismembered 13. Traduced 14. Elastic 15. Convulsed 16. Imploded
对这些整理下来的生词，我们接下来的做法是：吃透每一个生词。怎样吃透？这个时候我们的英英词典就要派上用场了，举个例子，forthcoming , 我们查询后的结果如下：
以上分别是韦氏大学，朗文词典和柯林斯词典对forthcoming 这个词的解释。我们可以从中提取出forthcoming 的几个意思： 1. being about to happen 2. willing to give information ，那么结合原文”EVEN with the best will in the world—which, in 2014, has not been conspicuously forthcoming” ,这里的forthcoming 应该是选取第一个解释” being about to happen “这样我们也就比较清楚地理解了这个词的用法。我们接下来还要把它们整理下来。前面的word文档就是为此而准备的（其他记事工具也行）。我们需要把 forthcoming 所在的原句以及英英词典里的经典例句整理到word文档里面。整理后应该是这样的
1.EVEN with the best will in the world—which, in 2014, has not been conspicuously forthcoming—the outgoing year could not be regarded as one of the planet’s finest.（原句）
2.Keep an eye on the noticeboards for forthcoming events. （词典例句1）
3.IBM is usually pretty forthcoming about the markets for its products.（词典例句2）
词典例句的选取应该遵守短小精炼，能够覆盖单词主要意思的原则。我们通过这三个例句就可以比较好地掌握forthcoming的意思。接下来的15个单词按照同样的方法进行整理，我们就可以得到一个例句文档了。
我们接下来要做的就是不断复习文档，吃透这些词语的解释和用法（文档可以打印出来随身携带）。经济学人文章的特点是词汇量大，生词多，这个特点也决定了它是极佳的精读材料。
事实上一篇1000词左右的文章可以整理出30-50个生词，如果每天能够吃透一两篇文章掌握所有单词的话，你的词汇量增长将会非常可观。而且结合语境的记 忆效果也非常好，容易转化为积极词汇。比如我们可以现学现用，很容易地造出像”I had difficulty getting any details. He wasn't very forthcoming=[he wasn‘t very helpful ].” 这样的句子出来。
对于精读过的文章，我们还可以这样处理。经济学人每一期的文章都配有相应的音频（真正的业界良心）。我们可以在每天的精读结束后合上文章，精听刚才学习的内 容，在听的过程中会不断重现刚才的知识点，也能够借此锻炼听力。整篇文章我都精读过了，为什么有些地方还是听不懂？这时候你就要回去寻找哪些地方听不懂 了。为什么听不懂，是单词读音不熟悉还是连读略读没听出来？通过这样不断反馈提高，直到能顺利听懂为止。
这种精读法 最大的好处是效率非常高，能够很好吸收阅读材料的精华。与其囫囵吞枣去读大量的文章和小说，不如静下来寻找适合自己的材料，好好做精读。事实上用这种方法 读经济学人，只要能够坚持，按每天积累30个生词计算，半年时间可以积累接近5000个生词了，这足以使你的英文水平迈上一个新台阶。
3.进阶版：经济学人赏析
再举个例子，“用户的喜好决定产品的成败”用英文怎么说？ Customers’ preference determines whether products are successful or not. 似乎不是很满意。之前写中国消费者的文章中出现过一句话"Their likes and dislikes make or break products. " 句子够简单吧，但写得非常有水平。用“likes and dislikes”来代替"preference "，用"make or break" 来代替"success or failure "，非常巧妙，而且整个句子读起来还很带感。原来还可以这样写。
再来一个，怎样表达“XX很流行，无处不在”？ ubiquitous/commonplace/universal/pervasive 可以但不是很形象，经济学人的商业板块上曾经有一个句子”It is getting harder to go anywhere without stepping on a piece of Lego-related hype”, "It is getting harder to go anywhere without doing...", 这个句型很形象地说明了流行的程度——几乎是随处可见，躲也躲不开。" hype"在英文里指"extravagant or intensive publicity or promotion"，句子中的"Lego-related hype"指的是“跟乐高产品相关的广告宣传”,所以我们可以造句如下：
1. It is getting harder to go anywhere without noticing all kinds of Apple-related products.
2. It has become harder to do anything without using digital gadgets--for many, they have become part of their life.
再比如经济学人去年一篇关于中国环境保护的文章中有这样一句“The new rules should thus expose polluters to a scissor-style pressure :from above,through the central planning system ,and from below,from the media and organisations such as Mr.Ma's"
这句话也写得非常牛逼，污染者正在遭受剪刀式的压力scissor-style pressure 就是自上而下和自下而上的压力。冒号后面的内容解释了这个形象的比喻：中央计划系统从上方施压，媒体及社会组织从下方施压
如果要表达下降，经济下滑，你能想到几个表达？decline,drop,fall? 我们来看看大神是怎么写的：
Eventually, America ran into trouble too. The tech-stock bubble burst in early 2000, prompting a broader share price slump. Business investment, particularly in technology, and as share prices fell, consumers cut back. By early 2001 America, along with most of the rich world, had slipped into recession, albeit a mild one.
Germany’s growth rate has tumbled to around 1%.
But if the world economy does stumble, restoring stability will be harder this time round because policymakers have so little room for maneuver.
短短三段话中表示经济下降的词就有“slump, sink, fall, cut back, slip into, &tumble, stumble”，下次写作文时是不是可以用上？
读经济学人的时候只要多留意就会经常发现这样的句子，下次碰到时可以找个本子专门收集整理起来，日积月累，灵活应用，相信你的语言理解与应用水平也会不断提高。更多精品经济学人赏析内容可关注我的微信公众号“英文悦读”
前面介绍的方法我们可以把它叫做“经济学人精读法”。但这个方法是开放的，它不仅仅限于经济学人阅读，你可以把它应用到读其他外刊，读小说，甚至是教材学习 上。关键是要找到适合自己的学习材料。理想的学习材料应该满足“i+1”的原则，即你的英语水平为i ,选取的阅读材料难度为”i+1”，阅读材料不能太简单也不能太难。同样，这个方法还可以继续扩展，比如可以结合文章音频做口述总结锻炼口语和听力，积累 文章经典句式提高写作水平等。经济学人可以挖掘的学习方法还有非常多，最重要的是找到适合自己的方法并坚持下去。祝你好运！
本文仅代表作者观点，不代表百度立场。本文系作者授权百度百家发表，未经许可，不得转载。
分享到微信朋友圈
打开微信，点击 “ 发现 ”
使用 “ 扫一扫 ” 即可将网页分享至朋友圈。
扫一扫在手机阅读、分享本文
百家号作者平台APP
扫码下载安卓客户端
便捷管理文章信息
随时查看文章收益