如何成为一家顶级域名注册商及如何提供域名注册 - hotion - 博客园
& & 这里说的域名注册商不是域名分销或代理商，先说下事情发生的背景，2015年下半年换了一份工作，(本文有可能会有些许啰嗦，不喜者请无视)，第一天上班，办完入职手续，人事MM带着我和另一刚入职的MM逐个部门进行介绍，上午10点左右坐到了自己的办公桌前，电脑配置I5+8G，开机进入桌面，开始各种雷人情景，桌面各种杂乱文件布满屏幕，打开硬盘，C盘只剩下不到3G容量，前且C盘竟然有各种项目文件，没错，就是那种把C盘当做解决方案目录的情景,据不可靠情报，用这台电脑的前人也是刚走，想想这哥们能把电脑弄成这样，也是醉了，本来想着重装下系统，想想自己是刚入职，也不懂C盘的各种"重要"的项目/代码文件还要不要，最终只是把桌面文件集中放到D盘，并用X60安全卫士(系统本来装的)简单清理了下，再用硬盘分区工具给C盘多加了50G。...一堆杂事过后，见硬盘的C/D/E/F所有盘里都有散落各处的代码文件，找了一个更改时间为最近的一个项目打开，准备了解下这边的开发技术。看了一会旁边的兄弟(后来确认是技术部的上司之一暂且称为S)说你看这些没用(确实用处不大基本是MVC+ADO.NET)，然而第一天觉得还是有必要熟悉下，然后继续看一些其它文档资料。就这样又看了一会，S给我发了一个网址，说让我先了解下，没错就是这个网址()，也只有这一个网址，没有其它任何材料，我开始了这个项目:域名注册平台。
& & 进入正题。在此之前先说下项目中用到的几个知识点。
& & a什么是域名？
& &&域名（），是由一串用点分隔的名字组成的Internet上某一台计算机或计算机组的名称，用于在数据传输时标识计算机的电子方位（有时也指地理位置，地理上的域名，指代有行政自主权的一个地方区域）。域名是一个IP地址上有&面具& 。一个域名的目的是便于记忆和沟通的一组服务器的地址（网站，电子邮件，等）。域名作为力所能及难忘的互联网参与者的名称，世界上第一个注册的域名是在1985年1月注册的，详细了解请看。
& &b如何成为一个域名注册商
& &申请注册商不是通过ICANN
& &只有申请根域名才是。通过ICANN认证的企业，需要公司规模、技术实力、服务标准、市场、资金状况等多方面具备较高的标准。从ICANN官方网站了解到，2010年后申请认证的企业，认证标准及难度较以往认证难度增加近一倍。通过ICANN认证后，还要向VeriSign（受ICANN委托的公司，负责.com/.net/.tv域名的注册管理业务）等管理公司申请相关域名的注册接口，再次对认证企业进行审核。非常复杂的程序。
& &c做为一个域名注册商还需要帮助客户解决域名解析，并提供WHOIS查询.
& &上面说到通过ICANN认证并向(这里以VeriSign为例)申请注册接口后，VeriSign会提供一些测试环境的账号和资料，只有在测试环境中把诸如域名查询/域名生成/域名续期/域名转移等功能实现，最后能过VeriSign测试验收后才会进入正式账号的下发流程。本着有图才有真像的原则这里上一张图。
VerSign的在线客服一般是周1-5在线，他们的中文客服部在澳大利亚的墨尔本，上午10点后才在线。他们的客服在你要修改敏感信息如IP白名单修改等操作时要通过电话(他只会打你在ICANN上留的电话)进行安全短语确认后才能进行。下面是一些资料.
注册商产品和工具/zh_CN/channel-resources/domain-registry-products/epp-sdks/index.xhtml#chat
在线调试https://epptool-ctld./epptool/
RFC 5730：扩展供应协议文档http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc5730
因为Verisign只提供JAVA的DEMO，对JAVA不熟，只得用C#来写。下面这些东西不能少:一台带独立IP的服务器，一个Verisign支持的证书，和他们服务器的连接过程请看下图
这里用到了双向认证和非对称加密。下面是他们的服务器支持的证书类型,不在下面列表的证书可能会被他们的服务器拒绝连接。
Verisign supports SSL certificates from the Certificate Authority (CA) providers Symantec, Thawte, GeoTrust, and GoDaddy. All issued certificates must chain up to one of the following supported root CA certificates, grouped by provider: SymantecVeriSign Class 2 Public Primary Certification Authority - G3VeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G3VeriSign Class 4 Public Primary Certification Authority - G3VeriSign Trust NetworkVeriSign Universal Root Certification AuthorityVeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G5 Class 1 Public Primary Certification AuthorityVeriSign Class 1 Public Primary Certification Authority - G3Class 3 Public Primary Certification AuthorityVeriSign Class 3 Public Primary Certification Authority - G4Symantec Class 1 Public Primary Certification Authority - G6Symantec Class 2 Public Primary Certification Authority - G6ThawteThawte Primary Root CAThawte Premium Server CAThawte Server CAThawte Primary Root CA - G2Thawte Primary Root CA - G3GeoTrust Primary Certification Authority - G2GeoTrustGeoTrust Universal CAGeoTrust Primary Certification AuthorityGeoTrust Universal CA 2GeoTrust Global CAGeoTrust Global CA 2Equifax Secure Certificate AuthorityGeoTrust Primary Certification Authority - G3GoDaddyStarfield Secure Certification AuthorityGo Daddy Root Certificate Authority - G2Starfield Secure Certification AuthorityValiCert Class 2 Policy Validation AuthorityStarfield Class 2 Certification AuthorityStarfield Root Certificate Authority - G2Starfield Services Root Certificate Authority - G2Go Daddy Class 2 Certification AuthorityStarfield Services Root Certificate Authority
当时在验收测试时也花了不少精力，他们的验收文档是英文的，在这里我发下他们的验收流程，希望对以后哪位兄弟有帮助
你需要完成所有27个指令，然后把开始时间，结束时间，还有开始OT&E1第一个指令的时间，和OT&E2最后一个指令的时间给我们。The start and end times for the test belowThe domain name used during the testThe EPP server transaction ID from the operation in Step # 1 below. This is the EppSession command for the OT&E1 account.The EPP server transaction ID from the operation in Step # 27 below. This is theEpp Quit command for the OT&E2 account.Extensible Provisioning ProtocolRegistrar Acceptance Criteria
1,登录账号12,用账号1查询一个可用域名3,用账号1购买一个域名年限24,创建子命名服务器1的使用命名服务器添加新创建的域命令你OT&E1帐户登录--创建一个域名服务器5创建子新创建的域的名称服务器2使用添加名称空间命令你OT&E1帐户登录--再创建一个域名服务器6更新域连接子域名服务器到新创建的域使用OT&E1帐户登录域的命令--把这两个域名服务器加到域名上去7更新域添加域ClientHold客户状态,ClientUpdateProhibited、ClientDeleteProhibited ClientTransferProhibited内部一个命令用OT&E1帐户登录--给域名添加ClientHold,ClientUpdateProhibited, ClientDeleteProhibited, and ClientTransferProhibited这几种状态8域上执行一个信息来验证使用STATUS-FULL更新用OT&E1帐户登录--用info指令查询该域名9更新域删除域ClientHold客户状态,ClientUpdateProhibited、ClientDeleteProhibited ClientTransferProhibited用OT&E1帐户登录--给域名去除ClientHold,ClientUpdateProhibited, ClientDeleteProhibited, and ClientTransferProhibited这几种状态10域上执行一个信息来验证使用STATUS-FULL更新用OT&E1帐户登录11用OT&E1帐户更新域名密码12更新的孩子命名服务器的IP地址1新创建的域的使用OT&E1帐户登录--修改域名服务器1的IP地址13用账号1发送HELLO14用账号1更新域名使用年限+2年15登录第二个账号16用账号2查询INFO完全状态17用账号2发起域名转移请求18用账号2发起域名转移查询19用账号1批准域名转移20用账号1执行POLL-REQUEST21用账号1执行POLL-ACK22用账号1发起域名转移请求23用账号2进行转移查询24用账号2进行转移拒绝25用账号2进行域名同步，日期为下个月15号26退出账号127退出账号2
这里讲下我们平时去查一个域名的WHOIS信息是怎么来的？
基于RFC 954提供的WHOIS协议http://www.rfc-base.org/txt/rfc-954.txt
域名的查询主要是基于RFC 954提供的WHOIS协议。在上述过程中，我们实际上是访问了InterNIC站点的WHOIS服务器，该服务器从WHOIS数据库中查询我们所需要的内容。WHOIS服务器是一个基于"查询/响应"的TCP事务服务器，它运行在SRI-NIC机器上（26.0.0.73或10.0.0.51），向用户提供internet范围内的目录服务。本地主机上的用户程序可以通过Internet访问该服务器，其过程主要有下面三步：（1）在TCP服务端口43（十进制）连接SRI-NIC服务主机；（2）发送一个命令，以回车和换行（&CRLF&）结尾；（3）接受相应命令的返回信息，一旦输出结束，服务器将关闭连接。命令的格式非常简单。可以直接输入域名
用Socket去连接whois提供的服务器。Whois服务的默认端口是43,查询的话就是把域名往这边发送过去，Whois服务器在收到你的请求后就会返回纯文本的格式
第一步是查询终级WhoIS服务器。第二步根据上面提供的所在Whois服务器然后再进行，进一步的详细查询 ，这时把两个结果合到一起才能得到我们想要的详细信息。
顶级域名 whois 服务器列表大全/network/protocol/.shtml
文章下面提供一个简单的whois查询服务器和一个简单的whois查询客户端
最后讲下域名解析，我们采用的是第三方托管的方案，也就是在我们平台上注册的域名我们会把DNS地址指向第三方的地址，然后调用他们的API进行解析服务，为了避免广告嫌疑，这里不公开我们使用的第三方DNS服务商，这里要说的是在接入他们的API过程中遇到的一些坑，对方API只提供PHP样例，其中的参数签名如下:
$apiKey = 'your apiKey';
$apiSecret = 'your apiSecret';
$parameters = array(
'apiKey' =& $apiKey,
'domain' =& '',
'timestamp' =& time()
// 按键名排序
ksort($parameters);
$hashString = '';
foreach($parameters as $key =& $value){
$hashString .= ($hashString ? '&' : '') . $key . '=' . $value;
$parameters['hash'] = md5($hashString . $apiSecret);
然后就遇到了用C#写的MD5加密后的签名和PHP生成的不匹配等问题，这里贴下在网上找的可用方案：
/// &summary&
/// 计算参数签名
/// &/summary&
/// &param name="params"&请求参数集，所有参数必须已转换为字符串类型&/param&
/// &param name="secret"&签名密钥&/param&
/// &returns&签名&/returns&
public static string getSignature(IDictionary&string, string& parameters, string secret)
// 先将参数以其参数名的字典序升序进行排序
IDictionary&string, string& sortedParams = new SortedDictionary&string, string&(parameters);
IEnumerator&KeyValuePair&string, string&& iterator = sortedParams.GetEnumerator();
// 遍历排序后的字典，将所有参数按"key=value"格式拼接在一起
StringBuilder basestring = new StringBuilder();
while (iterator.MoveNext())
string key = iterator.Current.K
string value = iterator.Current.V
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(key) && !string.IsNullOrEmpty(value))
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(basestring.ToString()))
basestring.Append("&");
basestring.Append(key).Append("=").Append(value);
basestring.Append(secret);
return md5(basestring.ToString(), "utf-8").ToLower();
public static string md5(string str, string encodingStr)
MD5CryptoServiceProvider mmdd5 = new MD5CryptoServiceProvider();
byte[] hashvalue = puteHash(Encoding.GetEncoding(encodingStr).GetBytes(str));
mmdd5.Dispose();
return BitConverter.ToString(hashvalue).Replace("-", "").ToLower();
return String.E
夜深了，就先写这么多了，以后有空再扩展，有兄弟也做域名注册商这一块的可以多交流一下，搞碗汤圆，睡~行业解决方案
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[{"name":"noesc"},{"name":"haveecs"},{"name":"haverds"},{"name":"moren"}]
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[{"name":"haveecs"},{"name":"haverds"},{"name":"websiteit"},{"name":"personal"}]
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