The breadfruit is a
food: The prickly football-size pod is full of nutrients and energy. Growing on one of the earth's highest-yielding trees, it could even help alleviate world hunger, backers believe.面包果是一种神奇的食物：这种表皮有刺的果实大约有足球大小，富含多种营养和能量。面包树是地球上产量最高的食用植物之一；支持者认为，它们甚至能够缓解全世界的饥荒。There's just one problem: It tastes
bland.只有一个问题：面包果吃起来没啥味道。'Like undercooked potatoes,' says Diane Ragone, a Kauai horticulturalist.夏威夷考艾岛(Kauai)的园艺学家黛安·拉格恩(Diane Ragone)说，"吃起来就像没煮熟的土豆一样。"'You have to kind of fool people to get them to try it,' says Jacqueline Lau, corporate chef for Roy's Restaurant chain's Hawaii restaurants.罗伊餐厅(Roy's Restaurant)夏威夷各家分店的行政总厨杰奎琳·刘(Jacqueline Lau)说，"你得连哄带骗才能说服人们品尝一下。"It's time the world
to eat it anyway, says Ms. Ragone. After hopping around 51 Pacific islands to find different breadfruit types, she has assembled more than 120 varieties in a large grove at a National Tropical Botanical Garden site on Maui.黛安表示，现在是应该学习怎么吃面包果的时候了。她走访了太平洋上51个岛屿，寻找不同种类的面包果，并在毛伊岛(Maui)国立热带植物园(National Tropical Botanical Garden)的一个果园内移植了超过120种不同的面包树。Ms. Ragone and Ms. Lau are part of a
among breadfruit fans here to teach people to like the tasteless stuff. They have started in Hawaii by pitching it to cooks --
-- and plan outreach campaigns for the fruit.夏威夷群岛的面包果粉丝正掀起一场活动，以鼓励人们喜欢上这种口感乏善可陈的果实，黛安和杰奎琳便是其中的两位热心人士。他们首先向夏威夷的厨师们──包括专业大厨和家中的厨师──做推荐，并计划了一些推广面包果的宣传活动。Ms. Ragone suggests sauteing breadfruit slices in butter until golden brown, then sprinkling
to make breadfruit nachos.黛安建议把面包果切成小片，在黄油中嫩煎至金黄色，然后撒上奶酪，做成面包果版本的"烤干酪辣味玉米片"。'Think of sauteed breadfruit as a
for any kind of cuisine or flavor,' she says.黛安说，"可以用嫩煎的方式把面包果做成任何一种菜式或口味。"The breadfruit's proponents say it has
qualities that could help feed the world's poor. One tree, a member of the fig family, can produce 450 pounds of fruit per season. The fruit packs 121 calories in a half-cup serving and is rich in fiber, potassium, phosphorous, calcium,
and other nutrients. Its
and yeasty odor
some people of fresh bread.面包果的拥护者们表示，这种果实的独特品质有助于解决全世界穷人的吃饭问题。面包果树属于无花果科，每一棵树每一生长季能产出200公斤（450磅）的果实。每4盎司量的面包果含有121卡路里的能量，富含纤维、钾、磷、钙、铜和其他营养元素，其口感和彷佛发酵过的气味让人联想到新鲜的面包。'I feel it's the food of the future,' says Olelo pa'a Faith Ogawa, a Hawaii-born private chef. 'If I were to speak to the breadfruit spirit, it would tell me: 'Grow me! Eat me!' It can feed villages!'在夏威夷土生土长的私人厨师奥格瓦(Olelo pa'a Faith Ogawa)说，"我觉得面包果是未来的主食。如果我能跟面包树精灵对话，它一定会告诉我：'把我种下，吃我的果实！'面包果能填饱村民们的肚子。"Breadfruit has long been a
in Pacific islands, from where it spread to the Caribbean and Africa.长期以来，面包果一直是太平洋岛屿上的主食，并从那里传播到了加勒比海和非洲。'It's something we all grew up with -- a comfort food,' says Pamela Young,
and food editor of KITV, the ABC station in Honolulu. 'You steam it and add butter and salt.'火奴鲁鲁(Honolulu)的ABC电视台KITV频道的周末节目主持人及美食编辑帕梅拉·杨(Pamela Young)说，"我们就是吃面包果长大的，它能让我们怀想起过往的时光。只要把它蒸熟，加上黄油和盐就能吃了。"But persuading neophytes to eat it has never been easy. The fruit is
starchy, hence, bland. It can have a mealy
and tends to spoil quickly, turning into a gooey mush.然而，鼓励新人吃面包果一直都很困难。这种果实淀粉含量很多，因此口感乏味，粉状质地很容易煮烂，变成一坨浆糊。Britain's Royal Society dispatched Capt. William Bligh to Tahiti in 1787 to collect breadfruit specimens to help feed colonies in the West Indies. After Capt. Bligh's Bounty crew mutinied, they tossed
the hundreds of breadfruit plants he had collected. Capt. Bligh finally delivered breadfruit trees to the Caribbean, but it took almost five decades for locals to develop a taste for it, according to some accounts of his mission.1787年，英国皇家学会(Royal Society)派威廉·布莱(William Bligh)船长去大溪地岛(Tahiti)采集面包树标本，以帮助解决西印度群岛殖民者的吃饭问题；但布莱船长手下的船员叛乱，把采集来的数百棵面包树扔下了船。后来，布莱船长终于把面包树带到了加勒比群岛；但据一些有关布莱船长此次使命的史料的记载，当地人花了近五十年时间才适应了面包果的口味。Epicurious, a
website, doesn't have an entry for breadfruit. Arnold Hiura, author of the 2010 book, 'Kau Kau: Cuisine & Culture in the Hawaiian Islands,' mentions it only as a 'canoe plant' that Polynesian settlers brought in outriggers to Hawaii. 'It's one of those forgotten foods,' he says.美食网站Epicurious上没有关于面包果的菜谱。阿诺德·修拉(Arnold Hiura)于2010年出版了《Kau Kau：夏威夷群岛美食与文化》(Kau Kau: Cuisine & Culture in the Hawaiian Islands)一书，书中只提到面包果是波利尼西亚殖民者用桨叉架船带到夏威夷的一种"移民植物"。修拉说"面包果是被人们遗忘的食物之一。"Even some Hawaii residents are hard to convince. 'You know, it's fattening and it doesn't even taste that good,' says Michelle Sewell, who has breadfruit trees outside her home on Maui island but never eats the fruit.连一些夏威夷的居民都不愿吃面包果。米歇尔·西维尔(Michelle Sewell)说，"你知道，这种淀粉类东西吃了容易长胖，而且也不好吃。"她住在毛伊岛，房子外头就有面包树，但她从来不吃面包果。Ms. Ragone, the horticulturalist, hadn't heard of breadfruit until she moved to Kauai in 1979 as a gardener. 'The first time I ate it, I didn't really like it,' she says. 'It was really bland.'现年57岁的黛安是考艾岛上国立热带植物园面包树研究院的院长，过去二十年间她一直在采集面包树标本，把它们种到考艾岛上。她于1979年来到考艾岛当园艺师，此前她从没听说过面包果这个东西。她说，"我第一次吃面包果的时候，其实并不喜欢吃，它淡而无味。"She acquired a taste while doing
in Western Samoa in 1985. The 57-year-old Ms. Ragone, now
of the National Tropical Botanical Garden's Breadfruit Institute on Kauai Island, has spent two decades
breadfruit specimens and planting them on the island of Maui.1985年，她去西萨摩亚(Western Samoa)从事研究工作，渐渐习惯了吃面包果。Now, she and other breadfruit believers are ready to teach people that breadfruit can be appetizing, starting in Hawaii. They got help from eBay Inc. co-founder Pierre Omidyar, a Hawaiian resident, and his wife, Pam, who funded a meeting last year to
25 breadfruit experts to create a plan to
people to eat and grow more breadfruit.如今，黛安和其他一些面包果的提倡者准备教人们如何享用面包果，从夏威夷开始。他们得到了eBay公司的共同创始人、夏威夷人彼埃尔·奥米迪亚(Pierre Omidyar)及其妻子潘姆·奥米迪亚(Pam Omidyar)的帮助，后者在2010年资助了一个会议，召集25位面包树专家来制定一个鼓励人们吃面包果和种植更多面包树的计划。The result was a breadfruit
that has enlisted chefs and restaurants to pitch the fruit and has sent advocates to local schools to get young people interested in eating breadfruit.会议最终形成了一个推广计划，征集厨师和餐厅来宣传面包果，并派人到当地学校搞活动，吸引年轻人对面包果产生兴趣。Robin Campaniano, general
of Ulupono Initiative, the Omidyars'
fund and philanthropic organization, says 'ulu, as breadfruit is called in Hawaiian, could cut down Hawaii's estimated 90% reliance on food imports. 'We look forward to
out what opportunities might exist, such as
market for breadfruit or development of value-added products such as 'ulu breads, pancakes or flour,' he said.罗宾·堪培尼亚诺(Robin Campaniano)是奥米迪亚夫妇创建的投资基金及慈善组织Ulupono Initiative的一般合伙人，他说面包果（夏威夷语中叫做'ulu）可以让夏威夷减少90%的食品进口。"我们期待发现这其中蕴含的商机，如建立一个面包果的商业市场，或开发一些增值产品，如'ulu面包、煎饼或面粉等。"As part of the initiative, last month the Breadfruit Institute helped
an inaugural Breadfruit Festival near the town of Captain Cook, where leading chefs judged a
to find new ways to boil, mash, steam, roast,
the fruit.作为推广计划的一部分，今年9月，面包树研究院在库克船长镇(Captain Cook)协助举办了首届"面包果节"(Breadfruit Festival)，发起了由知名厨师作评委的一场面包果菜肴大赛，借以发现煎炒烹炸这种果实的新方法。Smoke rose from breadfruit roasting on burning
shells. Women mashed the fruit with pestles to make a
porridge-like food.在比赛中，有人用椰壳来烤面包果，烟雾缭绕；有些女选手用杵棒把面包果捣成糊状，做成一种传统的粥状食物。Ms. Lau of Roy's Restaurants, which has branches in places like Los Angeles and Las Vegas, was among the judges. The best recipes, she says, disguised the breadfruit by adding cream, bacon and cheese.罗伊餐厅的刘女士也是评委之一，这家餐厅在洛杉矶、拉斯维加斯等地都有不少分店。她觉得其中最好的一道菜是加入奶油、培根和奶酪，根本看不出是用面包果做的。(Roy's specializes in Hawaiian food but typically doesn't offer breadfruit on its
menus, she says. 'People in the U.S. [mainland] are not used to eating breadfruit,' she says.)（刘女士说，罗伊餐厅的特色是夏威夷菜，但在其美国本土分店的菜单上不提供面包果类菜肴。她说，"美国（本土）的人吃不惯面包果。"）Winning entries included 'Ulu Tamales with Coleslaw & S an 'Ulu Tart (two cups cooked breadfruit, one cup fresh
milk, Lehua honey, macadamia nut crust); and a breadfruit salad with cucumbers and dill.获奖的菜肴包括"面包果墨西哥蒸肉卷配凉拌卷心菜和辣调味汁"(Ulu Tamales with Coleslaw & Salsa)、"面包果馅饼"（配料包括两杯煮熟的面包果、一杯新鲜的椰奶、桃金娘花蜜、夏威夷果碎），以及搭配黄瓜和小茴香的面包果沙拉。Harriet Bower, an 87-year-old
from Washington State, hadn't tried breadfruit before that morning when she tasted a sample. 'It didn't have much taste,' she concluded.87岁的哈里特·伯尔(Harriet Bower)是一位来自华盛顿州的游客，此前从没吃过面包果。菜肴大赛上她试吃了一下，并做出如下结论："没啥味道。"Sonia R. Martinez, a Hawaii-based food
who helped
the contest, says that when she was growing up in Cuba, breadfruit was something she never considered eating. 'Most people fed it to the pigs,' she says.索尼亚·玛提内兹(Sonia R. Martinez)是夏威夷的一位美食作家，协助组织了这次竞赛。她说自己小时候在古巴长大，从未想过面包果还能吃，"绝大多数人用它来喂猪。"Ms. Martinez, a
judge, paused when asked if she could taste the breadfruit in the tart. 'Umm . . . not really' she said. ''Ulu doesn't really have a taste.'玛提内兹也是竞赛评委之一。当有人问她能不能吃出面包果馅饼中的面包果味道时，她迟疑了一下，说："嗯......吃不出来，面包果其实没什么味道。"Julia Flynn Siler [ri?mɑ:k?bl]
a.值得注意的；显著的 () [?en?d?i]
n.活力，精力；能力 () [?h??g?]
n.饥饿；渴望 () [?rest?r?nt]
n.饭店，菜馆 () [?mu:vm?nt]
n.活动；运动；动作 () [pr??fe??n?l]
a.职业的 n.自由职业 () [d??mestik]
a.家庭的；本国的 () [t?i:z]
n.干酪，乳酪 () [?plaetf?:m]
n.(平)台；讲台；站台 () [?k?p?]
n.铜 a.铜制的 () [ri?maind]
vt.提醒；使记(想)起 () [?ae?k?]
n.锚 v.抛锚 () [ik?stri:mli]
ad.极端地；非常地 () [?k?lt??]
n.修养；文化；饲养 () [k?n?vins]
vt.使确信；使认识错误 () [ri?s?:t?]
n.&vi.调查；探究；研究 () [?west?n]
a.西的；西方的 () [di?rekt?]
n.指导者；....长；导演 () [?institju:t]
n.学院 vt.建立；设置 () [??semb?l]
v.聚集；装配；调整 () [in?k?rid?]
vt.鼓励；怂勇；促进 () [?pɑ:tn?]
n.伙伴 v.同....合作 () [in?vestm?nt]
n.投资；(时间等)投入 () [kri?ei??n]
n.创作；作品；创造 () [k??m?:??l]
a.商业的 n.广告节目 () [??:g?naiz]
v.组织；编组；建立 () [k?n?test, ?k?ntest]
v.争辩 n.争夺；竞赛 () [?saempl, ?sɑ:mp?l]
n.样品；试样 vt.尝试 () [?rait?]
n.作者；作家 () [?l?:nid]
a.有学问的，博学的 () [p??sifik]
a.和平的；温和的 () [?tr?pik?l]
a.热带地区的 () [ju:?ni:k]
a.唯一的 n.独一无二 () [?indiz]
n.东(西)印度群岛 () [?baunti]
n.慷慨；恩惠；赠物 () [?resipi]
n.食谱；决窍；处方 () [?gɑ:dn?]
n.园艺家；园林工人 () [?rezid?nt]
a.居住的 n.居民 () [i?ni?i?tiv]
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n.游客，观光者 () [ri?mɑ:k?bli]
ad.非凡地；显著地 () [?kaelsi?m]
n.钙 () [?tekst??]
n.(织物等的)质地 () [?steip?l]
n.&vt.(用)钉书钉 () [?wi:kend, ,wi:k?end]
n.周末休假 () [??uv?b?:d]
ad.向船外；到水中 () [?gae??ri?]
n.集会，聚集 () [?k?uk?n?t]
n.椰子(果)；头 () [tr??di??n?l]
a.传统的，习惯的 () [?meinl?nd]
n.大陆；本土 () [hɑ:?waii:]
n.夏威夷(州) () [f??ment]
n.&v.发酵；激动 ()
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词源 在线词源
词源 在线词源
从floccinaucinihilipilification一词看在线词源字典的错误与不足作者：袁新民答应走读班学员的词根总结包含其来源作者：刘一男马秉义《语词汇学新编》后缀,前缀,蒋争词根252汇总表作者：老丁聚马秉义《英语词汇学新编》后缀,前缀总表这本书,第1版只印1000册,供学校作教材,但可惜,我拿到的二手书显示,同学只写了名字(耿丽娜,河南),并没读,可能又换教材了,悲剧啊,真是好书...我还看过[英语词汇系统简论].马秉义扫描版.图1.最原始的语言，先产生动词、名词，并由动词产生成动名词ing/tion/ment、人物名词er/or、性质名词ty/th，卡片2，动作名词，动名词，-ing,-tion,-ment,都看作是动词的分词----名词化的动词。卡片3，卡片4，形容词，多由名词变来，有点xxx,属于xxx,很象xxx,卡片5，形容词，多由名词变来， ，，，很象xxx,卡片6，动词，形容变化多些... .... -fy化, -ise化,-th变成,-ate 有时重读,强调动作,如:translAte,creAte,卡片7，[英语前缀九宫格],自己总结的,ad,ad,a最难分清了,卡片8，简单区分 3种来源, 尽量与词根 近亲结合.杂交违背习惯.英语前缀显得通俗,很容易认出, be-,by-,in- out-,up- down-,看起来就是合成词.拉丁前缀显得古典正统 产量很大,构成灵活...而希腊前缀多在来自希腊语的词汇中,很少.卡片11，语源学6大语义20语根,与蒋争250根,牵线搭桥.卡片12，下面两个黑白图, 为了方便 想打印的网友啊~考研词根大表:bar-小木条 （提取自board-板子） eg：barrel木桶barrier 栅栏board 板子bat-大木棒（提取自board-板子）eg：battle战役debate辩论combat格斗ac-尖（提取自angle）arch-拱形（音变自angle）alt-高（tall-倒写）eg：altitude海拔高度altar祭坛av-鸟（象形）nav-船（模仿av）ag=act（音变 加t）am-爱（谐音）amateur业余爱好者amiable慈爱的ab-远离（音变自away）apo-远离（模仿ab）ad-加强（间歇的add）bact-棒子（bact=bat）cab-头（音变自cap-帽子）calc-小石子（拟声词跟）calculate计算calcium钙calculus微积分，结石capt-捉（与cept-拿 同源）capture俘虏captive俘虏的cept-拿（与capt-捉 同源）cip-拿（简写的cept）cas/cad/cata—落下（拟声 嘎达）cel-速度 （词源不明）ced/cess/cet—走（ success继续，成功）cide/cis/cut—切colo—繁殖（olo-象形）cult—种植cum—积累（com-共同）cur—跑（提取自course-过程）incur招致occur发生cor/cur—跑，（course路程，过程）dict/dic/dit——说（doctor-博士）doct/doc/dot—说（dictionary-字典）dig—手指头dec—十deci—十分之一dign—尊严（压缩自decent-体面地）dignity（n.）尊严dignify（v.）使有尊严indignant（adj.）愤怒的dow/don—向下··（down向下）donate/endow---捐赠duce—引导（来自dock（v.）把…..引入船坞）induce导致，引起educate教育deduce演绎seduce引诱fab—说（fame名声 name名字）fable寓言fabricate捏造，编造fact/fect/fict---制造fant/phant/phen—出现（用fantasy-范特西 体会）fer—产生，带来 （音变自 bear生育）comfer交换意见，开会offer提供refer提及，参考defer搁置fig=fict做（最初来自 fact-做）figure（v.）塑造（n.）外形，轮廓fore—前gar—表刺激味道 （压缩自 spear 刺）vinegar醋gen/gn/gr—生（大地女神Gaea）gorge咽喉（象声）her/hes—粘（男女关系）conherent粘在一起的conhesive粘在一起的hypo----后 （演变自 hip-臀）ject—喷射，投射（j象形）project（v.）投影（n.）项目，方案object客体conjecture占卜inject注射jet喷气式飞机junct/jac—连接（演变自 join加入 连接）ket—嘴 （kiss）kettle壶ken/cyn---狗 （无奈联想“啃”）lat—拉扯lave—水（词源不明）lavatory抽水马桶，盥洗室，厕所lavish浪费laundry洗衣店lava熔岩lect/leg—说，讲（lecture）mel—甜 （melon瓜，甜瓜&--相对----&lemon柠檬——酸甜相对）lid/lith—石头（词源不明）Neolithic新石器时代的Collide碰Collision（n.）碰撞Lithosphere岩石圈limin—界线 （演变自 line）eliminate排除preliminary预备log—说（唠嗑）---ology学说后缀（y-说）---onomy学说后缀luct—喜欢 （演变自 like）lumin—光明 （来自月光女神Luna名字）lux/lus/luc—光 （音变自 light）illusion幻觉luxury奢华的macro/mag/magn/maj----大mal—坏（male男人 与well相反）man—手（音变自palm）mar—海洋（m-象形）max—大（main major magn mag max —— 一路音变至今）merge—淹没（与mar海洋 相关）micro—小（与macro-大 相反 a-大i-小）migr—移动 ，移民（move+ground——在土地间移动）emigrate移居出境（emigrant）immigrate移居入境（immigrant）min—凸出 （提取自 mountain山）mir—镜子（mar-海洋）mis/mit—投射（词源不明）missile（n.）导弹（adj.）可发射的，可投射的muse—艺术（缪斯女神）mut/mot—移动（move）nat/nad/nais—生（nation-国家 民族）neg—否定（n-否定专业户）nim/nym/nam/nom—名字（陀螺音变）nutr/nurt—营养（nurse-护士）nox/noc—毒害（夜之女神诺克斯）pact/pat/pac—拍（palm-掌）pan—盘子 ；前缀：“全”para—反，旁（pair-对儿）pel—推（演变自palm-掌）pen—半（元音降级自pan-半）pens—钱（penny）per—一直，一周pet—追求，喜爱（用 compete竞争 反记）pad/pod—足（音变自 foot）pine/pene—刺（演变自spear-矛）pose/put/pon/pound—放下（put 提取自词根pound-放）compound混合物opponent对手，对抗puls/pel—推（陀螺演变自 palm手掌）rud/rad—根 （演变自 root根）reg—统治 （提取自 reign 统治）foreign外国rid/ris—笑 （词源未知）ridiculous荒谬的，可笑的，可嘲笑的ridicule（v.）嘲笑rupt—破，裂 （演变自 ripe成熟）rog—说，叫（拟声）arrogant自大的，骄傲的rot—旋转 （roll）sad—坐下 （音变sit）saddle马鞍sal/sel/sult—跳（用insult反记）senior年长得sent—感觉 （音变sense）thet—放下 （音变set）serve—保留 （与save有关）preserve （vt.）保留，保持son—声音 （简写的sound）sume—抓，摘（词源不考）presume推测consume使….着迷，耗尽sur—超过（简写自super）spond—跳（bound蹦跶）spect—看（peek-看）scribe—写（creep-爬）spire—呼吸（pore-口 孔）tact/tag/teg/tam—碰（音变自touch）tain—拿（take in）tect—盖子（用protect保护反记）tend—延伸，拉伸（to end）tom—切，分（与 time-“分分”秒秒 同源）atom—原子atomic原子的tort/turt/torn/turn—拧（加t音变）tox—毒（去死 x-死）tut—教（音变自teach）tuit—学（与教tut相反）ut---外 （音变自out）um/un—否定（u/n反向）upon—上（up+on）epo—上面（o-on）epi—在中间（i=in）ult=out（音变）vent/ven—走（用went来记）vers/verge/vert—转（拟声）vid/vis—看（用video反向记忆）voc/vok/vot—喊，声音（间歇的voice）wag-走 =vag（提取自vagina-阴道）vig/viv/vit/vi—生命（形变自vagina-生命的来路）vag/vas/vad—路（用vagina-道 来记）ward保护（提取自guard）win/vince/vict—胜利（音变）@英语词汇精华的微博里，@新东方SL_TOEFL老师让我解析一个共29个字母的floccinaucinihilipilification，请看在线词源字典的解释：floccinaucinihilipilification"action or habit ofestimating as worthless," 1741, a combination of four Latin words(flocci, nauci, nihili, pilifi) all signifying "at a small price"or "for nothing," which were listed together in a rule of thewell-known Eton Latin Grammar. The kind of jocular formation thatwas possible among educated men in Britain in those days. Just so,as in praesenti, the opening words of mnemonic lines on conjugationin Lilleys 16c. Latin grammar, could stand alone as late as 19c.and be understood to mean "rudiments of Latin."在我手头的别的词源字典，也都没有对此词有更进一步的详细解释，这种情况下，只有靠自己去分析了，这也是对词源知识的一次检验，下面是我的解词过程：一、拉丁语floccus，所有格形式为floccī，意思为：一小束，一小簇（羊毛）→小事，琐碎事，无关紧要的事情，英语中的flock“短绒，绒屑；（供填入家具、床垫等用的）废毛，落渣毛”对应的正是flocc。flock“羊群，（鸟、兽等）一群，一伙人”是另外的词源。fleece是“（尤指做成衣服连毛带皮的）羊毛”，可惜词源上与floccus没有关系。二、拉丁语naucum，所有格形式为naucī，意思为：胡桃壳；小事情，琐事。三、nut，nucleus都比较熟悉吧？拉丁语 nux，所有格nucis，意思为：坚果，坚果仁；（转）小事情，琐事。nucleus 是nux的指小形式，nut其为同源词，虽然没有找到证据说明 nauci (i为所有格词尾带来)与 nucleus 的 nuc有联系，但nucis确有“小事情，琐事”之义，最少可联想记忆。四、拉丁语hilum，所有格形式为hilī，意思为：alittle thing ,a trifle，本来的意思也许是a little thread or fiber,这种情况下，这个hilum应该是拉丁语fīlum的变体，普通话里的h对应南方一些地区的f，如hu会被读为fu，共同日耳曼语、古英语的f 对应亚美尼亚语的h，拉丁语的f可以对应古英语的g，而g与h又是可以对应的，如 guest与host。别急着说不认识fīlum，它的意思是“线，线状物；（羊）毛，（蚕）丝”，对应英语的file，词根为fil线。file（fil线，-e后缀；挂在线上的文件可以很容易查阅→）n. 1. 档案，卷宗，文件；2.文件夹，公文柜；3. 纵列五、拉丁语pīlus，所有格形式为pilī 发，毛发，毛。词根 pil, peel 毛发；印欧词根形式为*pilo-。1、pill（很早的时候，把动物的毛塞到兽皮里做成球，所以：pill毛发→球→球状的丸→）n. 药丸2、pilen.（地毯、某些布料上的）细绒毛，绒头3、caterpillar（cater=cat，pill=hair, -ar名词后缀；本来意为hairy cat多毛的猫→）n.1. 毛虫（蝴蝶等昆虫的幼虫）；2. （坦克等的）履带peel，plot，pluck 都含 pili 的同源成分。七、-fication为对应-fy的名词后缀。表示“形成，…化”。现在回头总结一下：flocci对应 flock毛，绒毛；nauci 可以联系（联想）nut, nucleus 胡桃壳，坚果; ni-=ne-不，hil=fil毛，对应file，pili毛，对应 pile, pill，-fication 形成；1. 毛；2. 胡桃（坚果）壳，3. 不算个毛，4.毛；八、floccinaucinihilipilification相当于：二毛（1,4）不算毛（3）外加胡桃壳（2），意境类似“九牛一毛（或鸿毛）加上个胡桃壳”，算个毛呀？！五毛都不算啊。当然可以“轻蔑”，有网友说这就是神马都是“浮云”。每个成分后边的i为所有格所带来。floccinaucinihilipilificationn.【谑】（对荣华富贵等的）轻蔑floccinaucinihilipilification的解析中，词源有没有作用，大家自己可以体会，这种解词字典上直接查不到的。floccinaucinihilipilification这个词中，在线词源字典划分出的pilifi应该说是不准确或错误的。可能由于知识产权的问题吧，在线词源往往不能提供更多的同源词，会影响到对词的深层次理解与记忆。仅参照在线词源是远远不够的，不参考就搞“词源解词”那就更离谱了。昨天还有一个微友问道：hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia（長單詞恐懼癥）吧，很好奇這個的構成，這個單詞感覺很任性、也符合規則嗎这个词相对来说没有上面那个词复杂，因为可以查到，下面是我的回答：hippopot 本来代表hippopotamus河马，因河马是淡水物种中的最“大”型杂食性哺乳类动物，所以，hippopot 在这个词里代表“big”，-o-连接成分。monstr= monstrous怪异的，可怕的，巨大的，pot（相当于compete的pet），mon本身也是词根。sesqui-代表sem(i)sque，semi-半，-que 表示 and，意思是 anda half (more) ，即：一个半的，比一般大一半的，ped=foot脚，sesquipedali来自拉丁语sesquipedalis一个半罗马尺长度的→很长的，-phobia 害怕，恐惧hippopotomonstrosesquippedaliophobia就是：大的、怪异的、很长（的词）的恐惧，直译应该是：河马（体）型、怪异的、一个半脚（一个半罗马尺）长的恐惧。可参照：https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hippopotomonstrosesquipedaliophobia#Jocular_and_fictional_phobia
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