测试工作的哪些步骤,在哪个萨省提名联邦阶段步骤因该做什么由谁来完成

【软件开发流程】一个完整的软件开发过程到底需要哪些步骤? 软件开发流程_小宗师专辑:微色小福利,敬请关注微信公众号“比比读小说网”以例子说明:我现在要开发一个CRM系统,整个过程会是怎样的,期间需要用到哪些软件工具?也就是说你会怎么从头到尾的管理、设计、分工此项目,期间经过哪些设计,都会用到哪些工具来完成这些设计?1.规划阶段:开发计划、质量计划、测试计划需要产生什么文档,用到什么工具?2.概要设计阶段:需求分析、概要设计需要产生什么文档,用到什么工具?3.详细设计阶段:详细设计、部分编码需要产生什么文档,用到什么工具?4.编码测试阶段:编码、测试及报告需要产生什么文档,用到什么工具?5.完成阶段:操作手册、用户手册、维护说明需要产生什么文档,用到什么工具?那要看你的项目经理是当成什么层面的了,如果是负责面向客户联络沟通,内部监督控制进度的话是能做好内外沟通,两边都能协调好就可以了。如果你要深入项目管理,那么肯定要熟悉整个软件开发项目的过程,什么阶段做什么、怎么做、谁来做,时间、质量、进度三者平衡。没有一个完美的项目,因为总会有瑕疵,不要太追求完美,用户满意、适度质量的项目才好。关于软件开发过程的一些理解分享一下。1、首先制定项目计划,最初计划是里程碑性质的。可以先按瀑布模型设置,里程碑点主要为需求评审、设计评审、经过代码开发和单元测试后进行集成测试、部署上线是一个很重要的里程碑,一般用户会期望系统何时能使用进入试运行期(也可以称为用户测试阶段)2、需求开发阶段:怎么样写好需求很关键,如何学会进行需求开发可以去看下经典的《需求工程》这个翻译的书,不是很厚,但需要能理解为什么那样做更好,这个需要实践经验锻炼自己。如果有项目成员,可以一起做需求,这个阶段对于业务理解、分析、如何开展调研以及文字表述、业务流程图描述还有文档编辑能力都有不少要求。一般分为《用户需求说明书》和《需求规格说明书》,小项目可以写一个《需求分析报告》,《用户需求说明书》是用用户的语言进行描述,让用户和开发团队对于需求的达成一致的理解,《需求规格说明书》,则是对用户需求的分析,形成系统要具有的功能,这个是真正提供用户可交互操作的文档,也就是后期设计和代码开发的重要基线。另外,作为了解需求,拿出用户UI和用户交流也是一项比较重要的需求获取手段,虽然这个属于设计的范畴3、系统设计阶段:系统总体架构,结合用户对系统环境、开发语言以及运行的网络硬件等要求,确定开发工具等,对应用系统关系进行架构性设计,通过需求阶段对用户的分析归类,用图的方式描述出用户和各子系统或模块的全局视图,以及和其他系统的关系。也就是搞清楚系统的边界问题。概要设计中除了高层架构设计,还需要设计网络拓扑图,以及系统部署图。概要设计比较重要的还有就是子系统、模块进行合理的划分。模块的名称很大程度上会成为用户的主要菜单,如何用用户的角度去取比较清楚的子系统和模块是很重要的。4、代码开发和单元测试阶段:这个阶段一般来说需要改进瀑布模型,类似跌代开发,把模块进行合理划分,把项目总体计划的代码开发测试阶段划分为多个时间段,每个时间段都包括代码开发、单元测试和集成测试,这个阶段还需要对需求变更进行跟踪控制,如果需求有变更,那么要把需求文档、设计文档都重新跟上。跌代开发的好处就是不让代码开发阶段拉的过程,没有进行及时的自我检查,不小心到了提交时间,却不是用户想要的,还有可能都不是自己想要的。项目经理重要的责任是控制好进度,能及早发现风险,并能拿出好的预防和解决办法的措施。合理安排好开发团队的任务,合时的任务安排和衔接,你会觉得非常有艺术感,这个要自己体会了。另外,关注项目团队各人员的状况,保持高的战斗力,及时发现并能鼓励团队共同朝一个目标前进。6、测试工作,测试是项目的很重要的环节,怎么测试,怎么准确测试,怎么有效测试,怎么覆盖测试,时间、人手、经验扽个方面都会有制约。高级测试人员能够分析系统各测试要点,在需求、设计阶段都要参与,提早了解如何去测试,能写出测试用例。7、文档工作,文档在项目开发中也占有重要位置,除非你觉得代码是项目唯一的成果,那么你把文档抛掉吧,什么都在你的脑子里,团队中人员一走,项目的一部分也就带走了。代码开发其实也需要文档,代码是成果,代码注释是成果,模块开发卷宗也是重要的成果,因为程序员在开发时候的逻辑是怎么样的,对于今后查问题很有作用。除非你的系统设计程度到了方法、类,把代码逻辑也都设计好了,那么程序员就CODEING去吧。8、QA是对项目过程的质量保障,有些公司吧QA和测试工作合成一个岗位叫做QA&测试人员,或者就叫QA人员。QA是对项目全过程的监管,独立于项目之外。监督项目经理在各项目里程碑提交相关成果,入库形成基线。三楼说的是一个整体的感觉,写的蛮好所以我复制过来的。其中比较复杂的系统设计阶段有没有熟悉的人扩展扩展,如需要哪些设计,具体要产生一些什么文档,怎么产生这些文档等等,大家重点讨论讨论系统设计这一块:)软件开发流程一般分为以下六步:1相关系统分析员和用户初步了解需求,然后用WORD列出要开发的系统的大功能模块,每个大功能模块有哪些小功能模块,对于有些需求比较明确相关的界面时,在这一步里面可以初步定义好少量的界面。2系统分析员深入了解和分析需求,根据自己的经验和需求用WORD或相关的工具再做出一份文档系统的功能需求文档。这次的文档会清楚例用系统大致的大功能模块,大功能模块有哪些小功能模块,并且还例出相关的界面和界面功能。3系统分析员和用户再次确认需求。4系统分析员根据确认的需求文档所例用的界面和功能需求,用迭代的方式对每个界面或功能做系统的概要设计。5系统分析员把写好的概要设计文档给程序员,程序员根据所例出的功能一个一个的编写。6测试编写好的系统。交给用户使用,用户使用后一个一个的确认每个功能,然后验收。业务蓝图:需求分析报告中使用业务流程图:概要设计报告详细业务流程图:详细设计报告系统流程图:系统架构设计报告唉,自己跟自己讨论真是没劲,有更精彩的回复吗?顶一个吧,过两天来讨论这个问题。我自己开发了一套进销存,这套系统是做好成品准备出去卖的,我开发方法是先研究别人的软件看看有什么功能,然后仿制着从纸上列出功能来,然后再根据每个大功能延伸出小模块来,最后开始编写代码,编写完代码之后在挨着测试一个模块一个模块的测试,出了什么问题错误在一一的列在纸上,最后解决这些错误问题收工……学习了,谢谢二楼的详细答复,对我有用。微色小福利,敬请关注微信公众号“比比读小说网”提醒您本文地址:相关文章PMP模拟题400道2010-海文库
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PMP模拟题400道2010
1. Four project managers are having lunch together and discussing their projects. Most of the time they are just complaining about how hard projects are to manage in their company. Some complain about the stakeholders and the number of changes they cause. Others talk about how hard it is to get people to cooperate and perform. One project manager wants to focus on the advantages of the matrix type organization they all work in for their projects. Which of the following would he mention?A. Improved project manager control over resourcesB.
More than one boss for project teamsC. Communications are easierD. Reporting is easier1. 四位项目经理边吃午餐边讨论他们的项目,大部分时间他们都在抱怨公司里项目如何难管理。有些抱怨干系人及其引起的变更,其他则抱怨很难使项目人员相互协作。其中一位项目经理想关注于他们所从事项目的矩阵型组织结构的优势。那么,以下哪项被提及了?A. 提高了项目经理对资源的控制。B.项目团队有多个老板。C.沟通变得更容易了。D.报告变得更容易。
答案A。记住,如果问题没有描述对比的对象时,那么它就是和职能组织相对比。
2. You are managing a large project with 20 key internal stakeholder that represent 7 company units. Eight different contractors are involved, and their efforts must be coordinated. Your immediate project team has six team leaders. Each of these leaders has a team with about 15 people. According, you realize that you must devote a lot of attention to effective integrated change control. This means you are concerned primarily withA. Influencing factors that cause change, determining that change has occurred, and managing actual changes as they occurB. Maintaining baseline integrity, integrating product and project scope, and coordinating change across knowledge areasC. Integrating deliverables from different functional specialties on projectD. Establishing a change control board that oversees the overall project changes2. 你负责管理一个大项目,涉及到20个内部主要干系人,他们分别代表7个大公司。这个大项目涉及到8个不同的承包商,他们的工作必须相互协调。你直接管理的项目团队有六个团队领导。每个团队领导各带领一支由15人组成的团队。因此,你认识到必须投入大量的精力进行有效的整体变更控制。这意味着你主要关心:A. 引发变更的影响因素、判断变更发生以及变更发生后对实际变更的管理。B. 保持基准线的整体性,整合产品和项目的范围,在各个不同的知识领域之间协调变更。C. 整合来自项目的不同职能部门的可交付成果D. 建立一个变更委员会来监视所有的项目变更
答案A。出处:PMBOK2008(中)P93 4.5“4.5 整体变更控制-”提示:注意原文“主要关心”与“要求”的区别1答案A――”关心”答案B――”要求”
3. You are the project manager for a new systems project. Management wants your project to yield high-value results at a low cost. Although, you would like to take the time and money to incorporate features that would increase long-term project value, one of your major programming sellers employs senior-level staff that typically cost more than other vendors. When working with stakeholders, you shouldA. Group stakeholders into categories for easy identificationB. Proactively curtail stakeholder activities that might affect the project adverselyC. Be cakehole management difficultD. Recognize that roles and responsibilities may overlap3. 你是一个项目经理,负责完成一个新的计算机系统。管理层希望项目能在低成本的情况下实现高收益。你希望能够将时间、成本和产品的功能很好结合起来,这样在长远角度来看是增加了项目的价值。但是,项目的一个承包商雇佣了高级的编程员,这使得该承包商比其他几个承包商的成本高。当与干系人一起工作时,你应该A. 把干系人分成容易的几类B. 对于那些会给项目带来反面影响的干系人,提早对其行为进行干预C. 要认识到不同的干系人往往持有不同的目标,而这也使得干系人的管理工作非常困难D. 认识到角色和义务可能会出现交叠
答案C。出处:PMBOK(中)P24 2.3“ 2.3 项目干系人“项目经理的重要职责之一就是管理干系人的期望。但由于干系人的期望往往差别很大,甚至相互冲突,所以这项工作困难重重。”
4. A project manager has very little project experience, but he has been assigned as the project manager of a new project. Because he will be working in a matrix organization to complete his project, he can expect communications to be:A. simple.B. open and accurate.C. complex.D. hard to automate.4. 一位经验不足的项目经理被分配到了一个新项目上做项目经理,因为将来他所从事的项目为矩阵组织。那么他所期望的沟通形式为:A.简单的B. 公开但准确的C. 复杂的D. 难以自动操作
答案C。矩阵组织结构中的项目成员来自于组织的各个部门,所以沟通很复杂。&
5. Who has the MOST power in a projectized organization?A. The project manager2B. The functional managerC. The teamD. They all share power5. 在项目组织中,谁最有权力?A. 项目经理B. 职能经理C. 项目团队D. 所有人权力一样
答案A。在项目组织结构中,整个公司是由多个项目组织起来的,所以项目经理拥有很大的权力。6. Your management has decided that all orders will be treated as &projects& and that project managers will be used to update orders daily, resolving issues and ensuring that the customer formally accepts the product within 30 days of completion. Revenue from the individual orders can vary from U.S. $100 to U.S. $15O,OOO. The project manager will not be required to perform planning or provide documentation other than daily status. How would you define this situation?A. Because each individual order is a &temporary endeavor,& each order is a project.B. This is program management since there are multiple projects involved.C. This is a recurring process.D. Orders incurring revenue over $100,000 would be considered projects and would involve project management.6. 你的管理层觉得所有订单都看作“项目”,项目经理需每日更新订单情况,以便随时解决问题确保客户在完工后30天内接受产品。每个订单收入在100 美金到15O,OOO美金之间。项目经理只要每日更新项目状况,不需要执行计划或提供文件。你如何定义此种情况?A.因为每个订单都是“临时努力”,每个订单就是一个项目。B.这是多项目管理,因为涉及到很多个项目。C.这是个重复的过程。D.订单收入在100,000美金之上的才可称作项目,才能运用到项目管理。
答案C。由于订单较多,并且持续时间较短,这种情况属于过程,不是项目。&
7. Effective project integration usually requires an emphasis on:A. the personal careers of the team members.B.
timely updates to the project management plan.C. effective communications at key interface points.D. product control.7.有效的项目整合管理通常要求强调:A.团队成员的个人职业发展。B.及时更新项目管理计划。C.关键界面的有效沟通。D.产品控制.答案C。此问题问的是哪项最重要。首先思考一下整合涉及的内容-制定项目管理计划、项目管理计划执行及整体变更控制。为了把项目各组成部分整合成相互关联的整体,在各种关键界面的沟通是关键,如活动界面、团队成员界面等。选项B和D只是监控过程组的一部分,整合不仅仅包括控制。选项A属于3项目管理计划执行部分的内容。
The sponsor's role on a project is BEST described as:A. helping to plan activities.B. Decide the project objectives.C. identifying unnecessary project constraints.D. helping to put the project management plan together.8.项目发起人的最佳角色为:A.帮助计划活动B.确定项目目标C.识别不必要的项目约束条件D.帮助将项目管理计划整合在一起
答案B。尽管发起人可能会帮助计划一些活动(选项A),但这毕竟不是他唯一的职责。有些项目的约束条件(选项C)来自于发起人,但这些约束条件一定是必要的。项目团队制定项目管理计划(选项D),只是由发起人或其他领导层批准实施。项目目标在项目章程中得以阐述,而发起人负责制定项目章程,所以选项B正确。
9. Your company, which operates one of the region’s largest chemical processing plants, has been convicted of illegally duping toxic substances into the town’s river causing alligators to double in size. As a result, the local dog population has been decimated. The court has mandated that the required cleanup activities be completed by February 15. Such a constraint is and example ofA. A key eventB. A major milestoneC. An imposed dateD. An external dependency9. 你所在的公司是当地一家最大的化工厂。工厂被指控向河流中倾倒了有毒物质,导致鳄鱼的体积成倍增长。同时使得当地狗的数量大量减少。法庭已经判决公司在2月15日前必须进行清理工作。这样的外部限制是属于:A. 关键事件B. 主要的里程碑式的事件C. 强加的日期D. 对外部的依赖答案C。出处:关于制约因素,PMBOK2008(中) P115 5.2.3.1“5.2.3定义范围-输出-1.项目范围说明书:项目制约因素――受制于既定行动或不行动步骤的状态、地位或感觉。可内部、外部;强加日期、预算、资源制约、等假设条件――计划时,被认为正确的、真实或确定的因素。假设应逐步完善;假设通常都带有某种风险。”
10. During what part of the procurement process does contract negotiation occur?A. Plan ProcurementsB. Administer ProcurementsC. Close ProcurementsD. Conduct Procurements410. 在采购过程的哪个阶段进行合同谈判?A. 规划采购B. 管理采购C. 结束采购D. 实施采购
答案D。谈判发生在实施采购阶段。
11. During project executing, a large number of changes are made to the project. The project manager should:A. wait until all changes are known and print out a new schedule.B. make approved changes as needed, but retain the schedule baseline.C. make only the changes approved by management.D. talk to management before any changes are made.11.在项目执行阶段,项目发生了很多变更,项目经理应该:A.一直等待,直到了解了所有的变更,然后打印一个新的进度表。B.根据需要尽快实施被批准的变更,但是保留原有的进度基准。C.只实施管理层批准的变更。D.实施任何变更前要通知管理层。
答案B。项目经理应该更多的去控制项目,而不是C和D所反应的内容。选项A是很多项目经理容易犯的一个错误。项目经理对项目的监控应该贯穿于整个项目始终。
12. Near the end of your last project, additional requirements were demanded by a group of stakeholders when they learned they would be affected by your project. This became a problem because you had not included the time or cost in the project management plan for these requirements. What is BEST thing you can do to prevent such a problem on future projects?A. Review the WBS dictionary more thoroughly, looking for incomplete descriptions.B. Review the project charter more thoroughly, examining the business case for &holes.&C. Do a more thorough job of contract planning.D. Pay more attention to stakeholder management.12. 你的上一个项目即将结束时,一部分项目干系人发现你的项目会影响到他们的利益,于是提出了额外的要求。这使你很为难,因为在做项目计划时,你没有把这些要求所需要的时间或成本考虑其中。在将来项目你最好怎么做才能避免此类问题的发生?A.彻底审核WBS词典,找出不完成的描述。B.彻底审核项目章程,检查商业案例的漏洞。C.进行更全面的合同计划编制。D.更加关注项目干系人管理。
答案D。选项A和B都是好主意,但是它们不能解决本题提出的问题。工作分解结构(选项A)和项目章程(选项B)不能确认项目干系人。选项C是采购功能。13. The WBS and WBS dictionary are completed. The project team has begun working on identifying risks. The sponsor contacts the project manager, requesting that the U.S. $l00,000 responsibility assignment matrix be issued. The project has a budget of and is taking place in three countries5using 14 human resources. There is little risk expected for the project and the project manager has managed many projects similar to this one. What is the next thing to do?A. Understand the experience of the sponsor on similar projects.B. Create an activity list.C. Make sure the project scope is defined.D. Complete risk management and issue the responsibility assignment matrix.13.WBS及WBS词典已经完成,项目团队开始识别风险。发起人找到了项目经理,要求制定一个100,000美元的责任分配矩阵。项目在三个国家进行,使用人员14人。项目预计风险很小,而且项目经理以前做了很多类似的项目。接下来项目经理应该所什么?A.理解类似项目发起人的经验教训B.创造活动清单C.确保项目范围得到了定义D.完成风险管理,制定责任分配矩阵。
答案B。首先看看项目团队选择计划的顺序。了解发起人看起来是个不错的想法,因为发起人也是项目干系人,了解了他们也是分析干系人的一部分,但这应该发生在WBS创建前。在规划项目时,项目范围就已经定义了(选项C是定义项目范围说明书的另一种说法)。选项D不是最佳答案,因为项目团队可能没有按照项目目标方向前进。其它工作,如创建网络图等应该在风险有效识别前完成。只有活动清单(选项B)在WBS和WBS词典后完成。
14. Rearranging resources so that a constant number of resources is used each month is called:A. crashing.B. floating.C. leveling.D. fast tracking.14.重新分配资源,这样使得每月可以使用固定数量的资源,这被称为:A.赶工B.浮动时间C.资源平衡D.快速跟进
答案C。题干的关键短语“每个月固定数量”,只有资源平衡能够对进度产生这样的影响。
15. You are a project manager for a new product development project that has four levels in the work breakdown structure, and has been sequenced using the Precedence Diagramming Method (PDM). The duration estimates have been compressed and a schedule created. What time management activity should you do NEXT?A. Begin schedule control.B. Begin activity resource estimating.C. Analogously estimate the schedule.D. Gain approval.15.一产品开发项目的工作分解结构有四个层级,其活动顺序按照紧前关系绘图法排序。估算的工期已经被压缩,进度表也已经完成。接下来该进度管理计划的哪项活动?A.开始进行进度控制6B.开始进行活动资源估算C.对进度进行类比估算D.获得批准
答案D。请注意这个问题与之前的一个问题似乎非常相似。这是为您考试中如果遇到类似问题而准备的。选择B和C应该已经完成。所述情况是在时间管理的进度表发展进程内的。选择A是进度表发展的下一次时间过程,但进度表进展还没有结束。进度表由干系人最后批准(选项D)之后,才能做出项目的进度表。
16. A work authorization system can be used to:A. manage who does each activity.B.
manage what time and in what sequence work is done.C. manage when each activity is done.D. manage who does each activity and when it is done.16.工作授权系统可以用来:A.管理活动由谁来完成。B.管理工作完成的时间及顺序。C.管理活动完成的时间。D.管理活动由谁来完成以及在什么时间完成。
答案B。每个活动由谁来完成(选项A和D)是通过进度表和责任分配矩阵来控制的。活动什么时候完成(选项C)由项目进度表来控制。工作授权系统是用来协调工作在什么时间以怎样的顺序完成,这样有助于工作与工作、人与人之间的界面联系。
Testing the entire population would:A. take too long.B. provide more information than wanted.C. be mutually exclusive.D. show many defects.17.总体测试会:A. 花费太久的时间B. 提供更多的信息C. 互相排斥D. 暴露很多缺点
答案A。总体测试用的时间长度是用样本的原因之一。
18. The project manager is making sure that the product of the project has been completed according to the project management plan. What part of the project management process is he in?A. PlanningB. ExecutingC. Monitoring and controllingD. Closing18.项目经理正在确认已经按照项目管理计划完成的项目产品,这属于哪个项目管理过程的活动?7A.规划B.执行C.监控D.收尾
答案D。注意,此问题考的是产品确认,而不是范围确认。范围确认在监控过程中完成,而产品确认在收尾阶段完成。
19. A control chart shows seven data points in a row on one side of the mean. What should be done?A. Perform a design of experiments.B. Adjust the chart to reflect the new mean.C. Find an assignable causeD. Nothing. This is the rule of of seven and can be ignored19. 一控制图显示在均值的一侧有7个数据点在一条直线上。应采取什么措施?A. 执行试验设计B. 调整控制图以反映新的均值C. 寻找原因D. 什么都不做,这是7点原则,可以忽略
答案C。应用7点原则。如果在均值的一侧有7个数据点成一条直线,那么从统计学上说,均值改变了,要采取措施修正这个问题。
20. The quality function deployment process is used toA. Provide better product definition and product characteristicsB. Help products succeed in the marketplaceC. Help identify processes that are under way in other organizations that should be emulatedD. Support production planning and the just-in-time approach20. 质量功能展开过程是用来A. 提供更明确的产品定义和产品特性B. 协调产品在市场上获得成功C. 协助明确那些其它团队正在进行的、我们应该效仿的进程D. 支持产品计划编制和零库存方案
答案A。&出处:PMBOK2008(中) P107 5.1.2.3 “收集需求-工具及技术- 3.引导式研讨会:质量功能展开(Quality Function Deployment,QFD)”这种引导式研讨会,来帮助确定新产品的关键特征。QFD 从收集客户需求(又称“顾客声音”)开始,然后客观地对这些需求进行分类和排序,并为实现这些需求而设置目标。
21. During the completion of work packages, the sponsor asks the project manager to report on how the project is going. In order to prepare the report, the project manager asks all the team members what percent complete their work is. There is one team member who has been hard to manage from the beginning. In response to being asked what percent complete he is ,the team member asks ,&Percent of what ?” Being tired of such comments, the project manager reports to the team member's boss that the team member is not cooperating. Which of the following is likely to be 8the real problem?A. The project manager did not get buy-in from the manager for the resources on the project.B. The project manager did not create an adequate reward system for team members to improve their cooperation.C. The project manager should have had a meeting with the team member's boss the first time the team member caused trouble.D. The project manager does not have work packages.21.完成工作包期间,发起人要求项目经理汇报关于项目的进展情况。为了准备报告,项目经理询问了所有团队成员关于工作具体完成的百分比。有一团队成员,从开始就没有管理好项目。回应被问及完成百分比情况时,他反问到,“什么的百分比?”项目经理厌倦了这样的回答,于是向团队成员的老板汇报说此成员不合作。以下哪项才是问题的实质所在?.A.项目经理没有从职能经理那里得到项目所需资源.B.项目经理没有给团队成员创造一个有效的反馈机制来加强他们的团队合作。C.团队成员刚开始引起麻烦时,项目经理就应该和团队成员老板开会讨论。D.项目经理没有工作包。
答案D。此问题很难回答吗?这位团队成员的言语及行为完全是为了转移话题。问题的实质不是他不乐于合作。他所问的问题也是其它成员实际中想问的。如果不知道被问及具体什么工作的完成情况时,我如何做出回答?问题的关键在于没有WBS及工作包。A选项不正确,因为项目经理没有失去资源(A选项暗示得到职能经理的资源)。通过有效的反馈机制(选项B)可以提高团队合作,但此题的实质不是合不合作的问题。C也不是正确答案,因为C没有解决即将发生的问题(不知道团队成员在做什么),而是解决了另外一问题。如果你选择了C,请一定要当心,考试时可能会错10到20题,因为没有看到问题的本质。22. Which of the following describes the BEST use of historical records from previous projects:A. Estimating, life cycle costing and project planningB. Risk management, estimating and creating lessons learnedC. Project management planning, estimating and creating a status reportD. Estimating, risk management and project planning22.以下哪个选项所描述的活动都最好的运用了以前项目的历史记录?A.估算、生命周期成本及项目规划。B.风险管理、估算及创建经验总结。C.项目管理规划、估算及创建项目状况报告。D.估算、风险管理及项目规划。
答案D。选项A中生命周期成本、选项B中经验总结及选项C中创建项目状况报告不需要使用历史数据。23. Project A is being administered using a matrix form of organization. The project manager reports to a senior vice president who provides visible support to the project. In this scenario, which of the following statements best describes the relative power of the project manager?A. The project manager will probably not be challenged by project stakeholders.B. In this strong matrix, the balance of power is shifted to the functional line managers.C. In this tight matrix, the balance of power is shifted to the project manager.D. In this strong matrix, the balance of power is shifted to the project manager.23. A 项目通过一个组织矩阵进行管理。项目经理向一位高级副总裁汇报工作,后者对项目提供实际的帮9助。在这种情况下,以下哪个陈述最好地说明了项目经理的相对权力?A. 项目经理很可能不会受到项目干系人的责难B. 在这个强矩阵中,权力的平衡倾向于职能经理C. 在这个紧密矩阵中,权力平衡倾向于项目经理D. 在这个强矩阵中,权力平衡倾向于项目经理
答案D。&出处:PMBOK2008(中)P30图2-10 强矩阵型组织结构“五种项目组织结构的不同项目协调特点”:?总经理? 职能经理? 项目经理? 项目经理的经理? 职员。
24. All of the following are parts of direct and manage project execution except?A. Identifying changesB. Using a work breakdown structureC. Implementing corrective actionsD. Setting up a project control system24.以下均是指导与管理项目执行的组成部分,除了?A.定义变更B.使用WBSC.实施纠正措施D.建立项目监控系统
答案D。项目监控系统(选项D)在规划过程组中制定,而不是实施过程。选项B是不是迷惑了你?WBS在规划过程中制定,在执行阶段帮助项目实施。此处用语不是“制定WBS”,而是“使用WBS”。
25. International activities and diverse stakeholders are a part of more projects than ever. Because the objectives of time, cost and performance may be interpreted differently for these types of projects, kickoff meetings (even those conducted electronically) are especially important. All the following are objectives of the kickoff meeting exceptA. Establishing working relationships and standard formats for global communicationB. Reviewing project plansC. Establishing individual and group responsibilities and accountabilitiesD. Discussing specific legal issues regarding the contract25. 现在的项目比以往的项目牵扯到更多的国际合作和形形色色的干系人。因此,如果没有在项目进行之前统一大家的理解,那么对项目的时间、成本和业绩方面的目标可能会出现各种各样的解释,所以项目动员大会是非常重要的(即使是通过多媒体的形式召开的动员大会也是具有重要的意义)。下列各项中,哪一项不属于动员大会的目标?A.确立项目各部分的沟通关系和标准形式B.审阅项目计划C.确定个人和小组的不胜任和义务D.讨论与合同有关的、具体的法律问题10
答案D。项目沟通管理-项目启动会议及其作用:获取个人和团队彼此的承诺;团队成员彼此见面并认识,建立工作关系、沟通关系;建立责任关系,设定团队目标;审查项目计划与状态;识别和发现问题;建立个人和团队的责任和义务。
26. Extensive use of - communication is most likely to aid in solving complex problems.A. verbalB. writtenC. formalD. nonverbal26.广泛使用哪种沟通最有可能帮助解决复杂的问题?A. 口头沟通B. 书面沟通C. 正式沟通D. 非口头沟通
答案B。书面沟通能够记录你的话,而且传递时不会失真。当存在复杂问题时,你想让每个人接收到同样的信息。
27. The project manager has just received a change from the customer that does not affect the project schedule and is easy to complete. What should the project manager do FIRST?A. Make the change happen as soon as possible.B. Contact the project sponsor for permission.C. Go to the change control board.D. Evaluate the other components of the &triple constraint.&27.项目经理刚从客户那里收到一项变更,此变更不会影响进度,也很容易完成。项目经理首先应该做什么?A.立即实施变更。B.联系发起人以得到允许。C.求助变更控制委员会。D.评估“三重约束”的其他组成部分。
答案D。首先应该评估由此给项目带来的其他影响,包括成本、质量、范围、风险及客户满意度。一旦对这些做出了评估,变更控制委员会(如果有)就会做出同意或否决变更的决定。
A team member is visiting the manufacturing plant of one of the suppliers. Which of the following is the MOST important thing to be done in any telephone calls the project manager might make to the team member?A. Ask the team member to repeat back what the project manager says.B. Review the list of contact information for all stakeholders.C. Ask the team member to look for change requests.D. Review the upcoming meeting schedule.28.一团队成员正在访问一家供货商的制造厂。在项目经理打给该团队成员的电话中,下列哪项要做的事11最为重要?A.要求该项目成员重复项目经理说的话B.审核所有项目干系人的合同信息列表C.要求该项目成员请求变更D.审核下一次会议的计划
答案A。这样的问题能让人发疯。虽然问的是最重要的事,有很多选项都很合理。遇到这样的问题时,看看最亟需的是什么。本题中,团队成员在制造环境中,这说明沟通最可能受噪音影响。为了更容易解决该问题,项目经理应选择选项A。
29. As the project manager, you have the option of proposing one of three systems to a client a full-feature system that only satisfies the minimum requirements but also offers numerous special functions (the Mercedes”); a system that meets the client’s minimum requirements (the’Yugo’); and a system that satisfies the minimum requirements plus has a few extra feature (the “Toyota”). The on-time records and associated profits and losses are depicted on the decision tree below. What is the expected monetary value of the “Toyota” system?A. ¥9,900B. ¥44,000C. ¥45,000D. ¥48,00029. 丰田系统的预期货币值是:A. 9900B. 44000C. 45000D. 48000
答案B。&参考:PMBOK2008(中)P299 图11-15 决策树分析采用不同方案产生的后果进行描述,给出每种方案的成本和概率,求解每种方案的预期货币价值。丰田系统5000-10000×10%=-1000预期货币价值
1245000+(-
30. The target against which the project team will measure the effectiveness of its execution of the risk response plan is based on theA. Acceptable threshold for riskB. Risk scoreC. Probability/impact risk ratingD. Overall risk ranking for the project30. 项目小组衡量风险应对计划实施的有效性时将计划实施结果与下列哪个因素结果对比A. 可接受的临界风险B. 风险评分C. 风险的概率/影响评级D. 项目的总体风险评级
答案A。出处:PMBOK2008 (中)P279 11.1.3.1 “11.1.3 风险管理规划-成果-1.风险管理计划:”31. You are a project manager who was just assigned to take over a project from another project manager who is leaving the company. The previous project manager tells you that the project is on schedule, but only because he has constantly pushed the team to perform. What is the FIRST thing you should do as the new project manager?A. Check risk status.B. Check cost performance.C. Determine a management strategy.D. Tell the team your objectives.31.你是一位项目经理,刚刚从一位离职的项目经理手中接管一个项目。前任项目经理告诉你,项目进度在计划时间内,因为他不断的督促团队成员执行任务。作为项目经理,你首先应该怎么做?A.检查风险状况。B.检查成本绩效。C.确定一项管理策略。D.告诉团队成员你项目的目标。
答案C。在做任何事情之前,你首先要清楚自己将要做什么。制定管理策略为其他三个选项内容提供了框架和基础。
32. Projects are particularly susceptible to risk becauseA. Murphy’s law stated that “if something can go wrong, it will’”B. Each project is unique in some measureC. Project management tools are generally unavailable at the project team levelD. There are never enough resources to do the job32. 由于以下哪个原因,项目特别容易受到风险的影响:A. 墨菲定律表明:“如果可能会生问题,问题将会出现”B. 每个项目在某些方面是独特的13C. 项目管理工具对于项目小组是不可得的D. 完成工作的资源永远是不足的
答案B。&出处:PMBOK(中)P5 1.2什么是项目:关于项目独特性的特点。
33. The need for
is one of the major driving forces for communication in a project.A. optimizationB. integrityC. integrationD. differentiation33、以下对哪项的需求是促进项目沟通的主要因素?A.最优化B.诚实C.整合能力D.区别
答案C。项目经理是个整合者,此题考的是项目经理作为整合者和沟通者的角色。
The project was going well when all of a sudden there are were changes to the project coming from multiple stakeholders. After all the changes were determined, the project manager spent time with all the stakeholders to find out why there were changes and to discover any more.The project work has quieted down when a team member casually mentions to the project manager that the team member added functionality to a product of the project. Do not worry they say, &I did not impact time, cost or quality!& What should a project manager do FIRST?A. Ask the team member how the need for the functionality was determined.B. Hold a meeting to review the team member's completed work.C. Look for other added functionality.D. Ask the team member how he knows there is no time, cost or quality impact.34.项目一切进展顺利,突然几个干系人提出一些变更。所有变更确定后,项目经理开始与所有干系人讨论变更发生的原因,同时发掘是否还存在更多的变更。当一成员突然提到他给产品增加了一项功能时,全场一片寂静。“请不要担心,我不会影响项目的时间、成本及产品质量”他说。作为项目经理,你首先应该:A.询问这位团队成员增加此项功能是如何确定的。B.召开会议,审查这位团队成员所完成的工作。C.寻找其他增加了的功能。D.询问这位项目团队,他怎么知道不会影响进度、成本及质量。
答案D。第一段描述与问题无关,同时也要注意到变更已经发生了。如果变更还没有发生,那么项目经理就应该采取不同的措施。项目经理的职责就是要调查变更的影响,也是唯一有权力宣布变更对项目带来影响的人。选项A、B、C都会发生,但都没解决直接问题。选项D是最佳选项,因为它通过对已经完成工作的分析来确定对整个项目的影响。
35. You are managing a project that has five subcontractors. You must monitor contract performance, make payments, and manage provider interface. One subcontractor submitted a change request to expand the scope of its work. You decided to award a contract modification based on a review of 14this request. All these activities are part ofA. Administer ProcurementsB. Conduct ProcurementsC. Plan ProcurementsD. Close Procurements35. 你正在管理一个有5个转包商的项目,需要监控合同的实施、费用的支付以及与供应商洽谈的各种问题。其中一个转包商呈报了一项旨在扩大其工作范围的说理请求。出于以这项请求的考虑,你决定批准这个合同变更。这些活动都属于下列哪项涉及的范畴A.管理采购B.实施采购C.规划采购D.结束采购
答案A。出处:PMBOK2008(中)P338 12.3.2.1 合同管理的工具与技术-合同变更控制系统。“合同变更控制系统规定了修改合同的流程?”
36. Which of the following is a KEY attribute of Verifying Scope?A. More complete project scope management planB. Customer acceptance of project deliverablesC. Improved schedule estimatesD. An improved project management information system36.以下哪项属于核实范围最重要的属性?A.完成项目范围管理计划。B.客户接受项目可交付成果。C.改善的进度估算。D.改善的项目管理信息系统。
答案B。核实范围的输入就是客户接受项目可交付成果,其它各项均发生在项目规划阶段,即范围核实核实范围发生之前。
37. The engineering department has uncovered a problem with the cost accounting system and has asked the systems department to analyze what is wrong and fix the problem. You are a project manager working with the cost accounting programs on another project. Management has issued a change request to the change control board to add the new work to your project. Your existing project has a cost performance index (CPI) of 1.2 and a schedule performance index (SPI) of 1.3 so you have some room to add work without delaying your existing project or going over budget. However, you cannot see how the new work fits within the project charter for your existing project. After some analysis, you determine that the new work and existing work do not overlap and can be done concurrently. They also require different skill sets. Which of the following is the BEST thing to do?A. Create the project objectives.B. Re-estimate the project schedule with input from the engineering department.C. Perform scope verification on the new work with the help of the stakeholders.D. Identify specific changes to the existing work.1537.工程部门发现成本会计系统出了问题,要求系统部门立即分析原因并尽快解决问题。你是另外一成本会计系统项目的项目经理,管理层已经向变更控制委员会提出变更,要求在你的项目上增加一项新工作。你所在项目的成本绩效指标(CPI)是1.2,进度绩效指标(SPI)是1.3。所以你有空间增加此项新工作,同时不影响项目成本和进度。但是你发现新工作与项目章程不符。经过仔细分析后你发现,新工作与现有工作不能互相替代,但可同时完成。新工作仍需不同的技术支持。那么你应该:A.制定项目目标。B.重新估算项目进度,把工程部门的意见考虑进去。C.在干系人的帮助下对新工作实施范围核实。D.识别现有工作的具体变更。
答案A。你阅读此题花了多长时间?实际考试中也存在较长题干的题。阅读题干前最好先看一下选项,结果你会发现,每个选项所描述的内容都发生在不同的管理阶段。此题实际考的是新工作是否能被增加到现存项目上。当然,这种变更通常有很多商业原因,但对于项目管理层来讲,他们不太乐意看到这样大的变更发生。题干中表明,这项新工作是个独立的工作单元,和现存工作没有重合,同时需要不同的技术支持。因此,最好立个新项目,回答此题的第一步就是要认识到这项新工作应该看成是一个独立的项目。然后再看哪个选项有启动新项目的意思。选项D在执行阶段完成,选项C在监控阶段完成,选项B看起来正确,但你可能没有注意到,题干中说要建立一个新项目要制定项目目标及项目章程,而这些只有在启动阶段完成。
38. The project is mostly complete. The project has a schedule variance of 300 and a cost variance of 900. All but one of the quality control inspections have been completed and all have met the quality requirements. All items in the issue log have been resolved. Many of the resources have been released. The sponsor is about to call a meeting to obtain product verification when the customer notifies the project manager that they want to make a major change to the scope. The project manager should:A. meet with the project team to determine if this change can be made.B. ask the customer for a description of the change. in the process.C. explain that the change cannot be made at this pointD. inform management.38.项目大部分已经完工,进度偏差为300,成本偏差为900。除了一项质量控制规格外,其它都符合质量要求。所有日志记录的问题也已解决,很多资源也基本释放。为了得到产品核实结果,发起人要求召开一次成员会员,这时,客户通知项目经理,要求实施一项大的范围变更。项目经理因该:A.和团队成员开会讨论变更实施的可能性。B.要求客户描述此项变更C.向客户解释说在此点上变更不能实施D.通知管理层
答案B。选择答案前一定要仔细思考,客户只通知项目经理“他们想做一项变更”,但并没有具体描述此项变更的内容。这时,项目经理要了解变更的实质,评估变更的影响等。在这些选项中,首先要做的就是确定变更的内容(选项B);如果有必要实施变更,再与团队成员开会讨论(选项A);项目经理在不了解变更前不能立即回绝客户(选项C);同样,没有了解详细信息前,不能先通知管理层(选项D)。39. A new project manager has asked you for advice on creating a work breakdown structure. After you explain the process to him, he asks you what software he should use to create the WBS and 16what should he do with it when he is finished creating it. You might respond that it is not the picture that is the most valuable result of creating a WBS. It is:A. a bar chart.B. team buy -in.C. activities.D. a list of risks.39.一位新项目经理在制定工作分解结构时征求你的意见。当你解释完流程后,他又问该借助何种软件完成WBS制作,WBS制作完成后如何运用等问题。你回答说,最有价值的WBS制作结果不仅仅是一张图片,而是:A.甘特图B.团队组建C.活动D.风险清单
答案B。WBS是四个选项的输入,只有团队组建(选项B)是WBS创造过程的直接结果,其它三项都是利用WBS来完成的。
40. You've been assigned to take over managing a project that should be half complete according to the schedule. After an extensive evaluation, you discover that the project is running far behind schedule, and that the project will probably take twice the time originally estimated by the previous project manager. However, the sponsor has been told that the project is on schedule. What is the BEST course of action?A. Try to restructure the schedule to meet the project deadline.B. Report your assessment to the sponsor.C. Turn the project back to the previous project manager.D. Move forward with the schedule as planned by the previous project manager and report at the first missed milestone.40.你被委任接管一个项目,根据进度,该项目应该已经完成了一半。在评估之后,你发现项目远远落后于进度,可能要花之前的项目经理预计时间的2倍。但是,出资人听说项目和进度的时间一样。最好采取的行动是什么?A.试着调整进度的结构以满足项目最后期限B.向出资人报告你的评估C.把项目推回之前的项目经理D.按之前的项目经理计划的进度进行,在第一个里程碑时报告
答案B。选项C不可能,因为之前的项目经理可能已经离开了公司,或者他可能忙着新的项目,这是一种退步。继续向前(选项D)也是问题的退步,退步不是最佳选项。这里说的问题有两个,项目落后于进度,出资人不知道。看上去答案有2个,选项A和B。最好处理哪件事?肯定需要工作使项目赶上进度,但是看看选项A是怎么说的。它限制了调整进度结构的工作,而且不考虑其它选择,比如削减范围,这可能能更有效的处理该问题。选项A太局限了。如果出资人同意改变期限怎么办?本题中的最佳选项是告诉出资人修改了完成时间估算。
41. When it comes to changes, the project manager's attention is BEST spent on:A. making changes.17B. tracking and recording changes.C. informing the sponsor of changes.D. preventing unnecessary changes.41.当变更发生时,项目经理最应该关注:A.使变更发生B.跟踪及记录变更C.将变更通知发起人D.防止不必要的变更
答案D。项目经理应该积极主动做事,选项中只有防止不必要的变更发生才是主动应事。
42. A project manager has just been assigned to a new project and has been given the project charter and identified stakeholders. The FIRST thing the project manager must do is:A. create a project scope statement.B. confirm that all the stakeholders have had input into the scope.C. analyze project risk.D. begin work on a project management plan.42.项目经理刚刚被任命到一个新项目上,项目已经有了项目章程并识别出了干系人。项目经理首先应该:A.制定项目范围说明书。B.确认项目范围是否包含了所有干系人的意见。C.分析项目风险D.开始制定项目管理计划。
答案B。此题很容易出错,在你花时间研究题本身时,却忽略了项目管理实践经验。快速浏览一下管理过程图表,你就会得出结论:首先应该做计划。聪明的做法就是,先清楚了解题干中描述了项目章程,所以选项B正确。
43. As you work on your project plan, you want to review your organization’s informal and formal policies. One of your team members gave you a list of possible items to review. Four items are on her list. Which one of the following is not an organizational policy whose effects on the project must be considered?A. Continuous improvement targetsB. Status meetingsC. Employee performance reviewsD. Time reporting43. 当你正在制定你的项目计划的时候,你想回顾你的组织机构中正式和非正式的政策和做法。你的一个团队成员给你罗列出了可能需要考虑的问题。她的列表上共有四个条款。下面哪一个组织机构的政策对项目的影响不是必须考虑的?A. 连续的提高目标B. 项目进展状况会议C. 员工工作表现评估D. 项目所耗费的时间(以小时计)
答案B。(略)18
44.Requirements Documentation is an input to:A. direct and manage project execution and integrated change control.B. Control Scope and Verify ScopeC. develop project management plan and develop project charter.D. develop project management plan and schedule development.44.需求文件是以下哪项的输入:A.指导与管理项目执行和实施整体变更控制B.控制范围和核实范围C.制定项目管理计划和制定项目章程D.制定项目管理计划和制定进度表
答案B。参考核实范围和控制范围的输入。
45. The construction phase of a new software product is near completion. The next phase is testing and implementation. The project is two weeks ahead of schedule. What should the project manager be MOST concerned with before moving on to the final phase?A. Scope verificationB. Quality controlC. Performance reportsD. Cost control45.新的软件产品的实施阶段已基本完成,下一阶段是测试和实施。项目提前进度2周,在进入最后阶段前,项目经理最应该关注:A.核实范围B.质量控制C.业绩报告D.成本控制
答案A。核实范围就是确认客户接受产品,如果客户不接受,你就不能进入下一实施阶段。
46. Your organization is beginning a new project staffed with a virtual team that is located in five countries worldwide. Based on experience, you recognize that team members in a matrix environment sometimes will be more responsive to their functional managers than to you, their project manager. Anticipating these problems, you decide to prepare aA. Memo to team members informing them that they work for you nowB. Project charterC. Memo to the functional managers informing them that you have authority to direct their employeesD. Human resource management plan46. 你是一个项目的经理,管理着一个分布于全世界5个不同国家的虚拟团队。根据以往的经验,你知道:这些团队成员对他们的职能经理的要求回应要比对你的回应要积极得多。考虑到这个问题,你决定要准备一个_______以提醒他们你有权支配他们的员工。A. 针对团队成员的备忘录,以提醒他们现在是为项目经理工作B. 项目章程C. 针对职能经理的备忘录19D. 人力资源管理计划
答案B。&出处:PMBOK2008(中) P73 4.1制定项目章程-“项目经理应该参与制定项目章程,因为该章程将授权项目经理在项目活动中使用组织资源。”容易造成困惑的是,项目经理能够“准备”项目章程吗?注意区分“准备”与“发布”PM may or may not 参与项目章程的准备问题:项目章程由谁来发布?
47. During project execution period, both the progress performance and the cost performance are satisfying, by now project manager is reappointed , who is attending project interview meeting, what is the most important?A.establish goalB. introduce team members to stakeholdersC. check communicationD. project charter47.项目执行期间,进度绩效和成本绩效均令人满意,这时重新委任了一个项目经理,他正要出席项目见面会,什么是是最重要的?A.设定目标B.向项目干系人人介绍小组成员C.检查沟通D.项目章程
答案C。PM首先是个整合者,完成整合是以沟通为手段来实现,所以PM70-90%的时间花费在沟通上。48. One of the stakeholders on the project contacts the project manager to discuss some additional scope they would like to add to the project. The project manager asks for details in writing and then works through the scope control process. What should the project manager do NEXT when the evaluation of the requested scope is completed?A. Ask the stakeholder if there are any more changes expected.B. Complete integrated change control.C. Make sure the impact of the change is understood by the stakeholder.D. Find out the root cause of why the scope was not discovered during project planning.48.一位干系人要和项目经理讨论增加项目范围。项目经理要求一份详细的书面材料,然后通过范围控制流程处理。如果被要求增加的范围评估工作已经完成,接下来你该:A.询问干系人是否还有其它变更。B.实施整体变更控制。C.确保干系人充分了解变更的影响。D.查找规划阶段没有发现问题的根本原因。
答案B。注意,答案选项罗列了很多项目经理可以做的事情,但此题问的是“接下来首先做什么”。尽管A和D是很重要的事,但不是接下来首先要做的。选项C是整体变更控制的一部分。范围控制完成时,变更管理不一定就会结束,所以有必要考虑变更带来的影响。B是接下来应该做的事情,比如时间和成本。因此,选项D和A在选项C之后。20
49.The competitive, complex project management environment has increased pressure for on-time performance .Schedule control is one important way of avoiding schedule delay. Time management corrective action often involves expediting certain activities to ensure that they are completed in a timely manner or to ensure that they are completed with the least possible delay. To plan and execute schedule recovery, corrective action frequently requiresA. Making unpopular decisionsB. Immediately rebaselineC. Root-cause analysisD. Resource leveling49. 充满竞争的、复杂的项目管理环境加大了对项目工作时间的压力。进度的控制是避免时间延期的一个重要方法。时间管理的矫正行为经常是加速某些行为以确保这些行为能够及时完成,或者在尽可能短的延期内完成。为了重新编制和执行进度表,矫正行为通常要求A. 做大家都不喜欢的决策B. 及时调整基准线C. 根本原因分析D. 资源平衡
答案C。&出处:PMBOK(中)P455 root-cause analysis。
50. During project executing, a team member comes to the project manager because he is not sure of what work he needs to accomplish on the project. Which of the following documents contain detailed descriptions of work packages?A. Work breakdown structure (WBS) dictionaryB.
Activity listC. Preliminary project scope statementD. Project scope management plan50.项目实施阶段,一位团队成员找到了项目经理,因为他不知道哪些工作需要他来完成。以下哪个文件对工作包做了详细描述?A.工作分解结构词典。B.活动清单C.初步范围说明书D.项目范围管理计划
答案A。活动清单(选项B)也许罗列了相关的工作包,但没有对工作包进行详细的描述。初步范围说明书(选项C)会包括项目范围,但没有说明每个团队成员需分配的工作。项目范围管理计划(选项D)描述了范围如何计划、管理及控制,但不包括每个工作包的详细描述。WBS词典定义了WBS中的每个组成要素。因此,WBS词典才详细描述了工作包。51.
A project management plan should be realistic in order to be used to manage the project. Which of the following is the BEST method to achieve a realistic project management plan?A. Sponsor creates the project management plan based on input from the project manager.B. Functional manager creates the project management plan based on input from the project manager.C. Project manager creates the project management plan based on input from senior management.D. Project manager creates the project management plan based on input from the team.2151.项目管理计划一定要具备可性性,这样才能用来管理项目。以下哪个选项是获得现实可行性管理计划的最佳方法?A.根据项目经理的输入信息,由发起人创建项目管理计划。B.根据项目经理的输入信息,由职能经理创建项目管理计划。C.根据高级管理层的输入信息,由项目经理创建项目管理计划。D.根据团队成员的输入信息,由项目经理创建项目管理计划。
答案D。如果我们把题干变换一种问法,那就是“由谁来创造项目管理计划”。项目管理计划由项目经理创建,但需要团队成员的输入信息。
52. Which of the following is CORRECT?A. A critical path can run over a dummy.B. There can be only one critical path.C. The network diagram will change every time the end date changes.D. A project can never have negative float.52.以下描述哪项是正确的?A.关键路径上可以有虚假活动。B.只可能有一条关键路径。C.结束日期改变总会引起网络图变更。D.项目不可能有负的浮动时间。
答案A。这个问题测试你对一些问题的了解程度。可能是选B,但是你可以做调整已减小风险,因为经常不只一条关键路径,该选择可能会导致只有一条关键路径。选项C使用“will”这个词。根据进度表储备的数量和改变进度表的理由,该网络图可能会改变也可能不会。如果你落后于进度表(选项D),您可以产生消极浮动。只有选项A是正确的。
53.You are the project manager for an effort to introduce goat’s milk to the general population through vending machines and fast-food restaurants. Your first task is to prepare a project cost estimate. You decided to use analogous estimating. Which of the following is not characteristic of analogous estimating?A. Supports top-down estimatingB. Is a form of expert judgementC. Supports down-top estimatingD. Involves using the cost of a previous, similar project as the basis for estimating current project cost53. 你作为项目经理正致力于通过自动售货机和快餐业来向大众推销山羊奶。你的首要任务是准备一个项目成本估计。你准备使用类比估计。下面哪一个不是类比估计的特征?A.提供自上而下估算B. 是专家判断的一种形式C. 提供自下而上的估算D. 利用以前的类似项目的成本作为当前项目成本估计的基础答案C。参考-项目成本管理-估算方法
54. Your project management plan results in a project schedule that is too long. If the project 22network diagram cannot change but you have extra personnel resources, what is the BEST thing to do?A. Fast track the project.B. Level the resources.C. Crash the project.D. Monte Carlo analysis.54.项目管理计划导致一个持续时间较长的进度表。如果不能改变网络图,但有充足人员时,你应该:A.快速跟进项目B.资源平衡C.赶工D.蒙特卡罗分析
答案C。资源平衡(选项B)通常延长了进度表。蒙特卡罗分析(选项D)不直接强调此情况的限制性。为了压缩进度,您可以赶工或快速跟进。然而,目前情况是网络图不能更改。这消除了快速跟进选项(选项A),剩下的选项C即为最佳答案。
55. You must consider direct costs, indirect costs, overhead costs’, and general and administrative costs during estimating cost. Which of the following is not an example of a direct cost?A. Salary of the project managerB. Subcontractor expensesC. Materials used by the projectD. Electricity55.估算成本中你必须考虑直接成本、间接成本、营业费用、总成本以及管理成本。下面哪一个不是直接成本的例子?A. 项目经理的薪水B. 转包商费用C. 项目所使用的原料D. 电力
答案D。&提示:对建筑工地直接用电怎么考虑,一般地讲,不要拘泥于特殊情况问题:类似地,培训成本属于何种类型的质量成本?特殊的如现场维修服务人员的培训呢?56. A project manager is trying to coordinate all the activities on the project and has determined the following:1 can start immediately and has an estimated duration of one week. Activity 2 can start after activity 1 is completed and has an estimated duration of four weeks. Activity 3 can start after activity 2 is completed and has an estimated duration of five weeks. Activity 4 can start after activity 1 is completed and has an estimated duration of eight weeks. Both activities 3 and 4 must be completed before the end of the project. What is the duration of the critical path for this project?A.10B. 11C. 1423D. 856.项目经理正在努力协调所有活动,确定如下信息:活动1可以马上开工,估计活动工期为1周;活动2在活动1完成后开始,估计活动工期为4周;活动3在活动2结束后开始,估计活动工期为5周;活动4在活动1结束后开始,估计活动工期为8周。活动3和活动4必须在项目结束前完成。项目的关键路径是多少?A.10B.11C.14D.4
答案A。这个问题你需要绘制网络图的。请注意,几乎也列出了所有其他的人可能会以选择的答案。
57. Based on the data in the question above, if activity 4 takes10 weeks, what is the duration of the critical path?A. 10B. 11C. 14D. 857.根据上题信息,如果活动4需要10周完工,那么项目关键路径为:A.10B.11C.14D.8
答案B。如果活动4现在为l0周而不是8,关键路径会变化为11周长。
58. You are managing a project in a just in time environment. This will require more attention, because the amount of inventory in such an environment is generally:A. 45 percent.B. l0 percent.C. 12 percent.D. o percent.58. 你正在管理一及时制项目,这要求投入更多精力,因为一般及时制中的库存量为:A. 45%B. l0%C. 12%D. 0%
答案D。在准时制中,供应物资只在需要的时候才配送所以,存货很少或没有。
59. An Ishikawa diagram helps to:A. put information in its order of priority24B. explore past outcomes.C. show team responsibilities.D. show functional responsibilities.59. 石川图有助于:A. 将信息按重要程度排列B. 探索过去的结果C. 揭示团队责任D. 揭示功能性责任
答案B。注意本题的选项包含很多控制工具的定义。如果你记不住这些工具的用途,你很容易搞糊涂。A是帕雷托图的功能,选项C和D指的是很多责任图,所以不是正确答案。
60. A new project manager is being mentored by a more experienced certified project management professional (PMP). The new project manager is finding it difficult to find enough time to manage the project because the product and project scope are being progressively elaborated. The PMP mentions that the basic tools for project management, such as a work breakdown structure, can be used during project executing to assist the project. For which of the following can a work breakdown structure be used?A. Communicating with the customerB. Showing calendar dates for each work packageC. Showing the functional managers for each team memberD. Showing the business need for the project60.某一新项目经理由一位获得项目管理专业人士(PMP)资质的经验丰富的项目经理领导。这位新项目经理发现很难有足够的时间来管理项目,因为产品和项目范围不断的循序渐进。那位项目管理专业人士提到了很多基本的项目管理工具,比如工作分解结构等,教导说这些工具可以在执行阶段辅助项目有序发展。那么工作分解结构可以被用来:A.与客户沟通B.展示每个工作包的历时。C.为每位团队成员展示职能经理。D.展示项目的商业需求。
答案A。WBS不能显示时间或责任分配情况(选项B和C),而是干特图及沟通管理计划所包含的内容。商业需求(选项D)在项目章程中得以阐述。千万不能让客户看到WBS,当然,WBS的制作目的是为了客户,为了完成项目目标。WBS会使产品及项目范围得到很好的诠释,这样会给项目经理节省大量来进行有效循序渐进管理。WBS能有效确保所有人充分理解项目范围。
61. Lessons learned are BEST completed by:A. Project managerB. TeamC. SponsorD. Stakeholders61.经验教训最好由谁完成?A.项目经理B.团队25C.出资人D.项目干系人
答案D。最佳答案是项目干系人,因为他们的投入对于收集每个项目的经验教训至关重要。名词“项目干系人”包括了其他各个团队。
62. A project is in the middle of the executing processes when a stakeholder suggests a major new change. This change will cause the third major overhaul of the project. At the same time, the project manager discovers that a major work package was not completed because a team member's boss moved him to another project that had a higher priority. Which of the following is the best person for the project manger to address these issues with?A. TeamB. Senior managementC. CustomerD. Sponsor62. 一项目在执行过程中,项目干系人建议做出重大变更,这会造成项目的第3次全面检查。同时,项目经理发现一个主要的工作包没有完成,因为一名团队成员的领导把他调到另一个重要性更高的项目中去了。项目经理最好和谁谈这个问题?A. 团队B. 高级管理层C. 客户D. 出资人
答案D。出资人的责任是防止不必要的变更,为各个项目设定优先级。本题中的情况说明出资人没有做这些工作,所以项目经理必须去找问题的根源,出资人。
You are a project manager leading a cross-functional project team in a weak matrix environment. None of your project team members report to you functionally and you do not have the ability to directly reward their performance. The project is difficult, involving tight date constraints and challenging quality standards. Which of the following types of project management power will likely be the MOST effective in this circumstance?A. ReferentB. ExpertC. PenaltyD. Formal63. 你是一名项目经理,在弱矩阵环境中负责一交叉职能的项目。没有团队成员向你汇报,你也不能奖励他们。项目很难,包括时间很紧,质量标准也很有挑战性。这时,下列哪种项目管理权力可能最为有效? A. 潜示权力B. 专业权力C. 惩罚权力D. 正式权力答案B。奖励和专家是权力的最好来源,奖励不在选项中。
64. The team you have organized for your new project consists of three people who will work 26full-time and five people who will support the project on a part-time basis. All team members know one another and have worked together in the past. To ensure a successful project start-up, your first step should be toA. Meet with each team member individually to discuss assignmentsB. Prepare a responsibility assignment matrix and distribute it to each team memberC. Distribute the project plan and WBS to the teamD. Hold a project kickoff meeting64. 你为新项目组建的项目小组包括三个全职人员和五个兼职人员,所有小组人员相互认识并在过去一起共事。为了项目启动顺利,你的第一步是:A.同每个小组成员单独会面,讨论任务分配B.准备一个责任分配矩阵并分发给每个成员C.将项目计划和工作分解结构分发给小有成员D.举行项目动员大会
答案D。问题:现在处于团队建设的什么阶段?
65. All of the following are the responsibility of a project manager EXCEPT?A. Maintain the confidentiality of customer confidential information.B. Determine the legality of company procedures.C. Ensure that a conflict of interest does not compromise the legitimate interest of the customer.D. Provide accurate and truthful represeqtations in cost estimates.65.下列哪项不是项目经理的责任?A. 为客户的信息保密B. 决定公司的程序是否合法C. 确保利益冲突不会损害客户的合法利益D. 在估算成本中提供准确可信的说明
答案B。项目经理没有权力或能力决定公司程序的合法性。注意:实务和程序有很明显的不同。应该报告所有不道德的实务。比如,项目经理必须报告欺诈行为。欺诈一般不是公司的程度。但是,项目经理不在其位,就不能决定公司程序是否依照现有的法律。
66. The 50-50 role of progress reporting is used toA. Calculate the exact EVB. Provide a good statistical approximation of EVC. Determine schedule varianceD. Determine schedule variance in monetary terms66. 撰写项目进展报告时所使用的“50-50”规则主要用于A. 计算精确的增值B. 比较近似的估计挣值的大小C. 判断进度方差D. 以货币值来判断进度方差答案B。略
67. In order to complete work on your projects, you have been provided confidential information27from all of your clients. A university contacts you to help it in its research. Such assistance would require you to provide the university with some of the client data from your files. What should you do?A. Release the information, but remove all references to the clients' names.B. Provide high-level information only.C. Contact your clients and seek permission to disclose the information.D. Disclose the information.67.为了完成你的项目,你从所有客户那里拿到了保密信息。一大学联系你帮助其研究,要你向其提供一些客户的数据。你应该怎么办?A.提供信息,但是将客户名字去除B.只提供高级信息C.联系你的客户,征求其允许D.披露信息
答案C。应尊重机密信息(不向没有客户批准的第三方披露)。如果你选了A,记住客户拥有机密信息。看,不是所有的职业道德和社会责任的问题都难做!
68. Management has promised you part of the incentive fee from the customer if you complete the project early. While finalizing a major deliverable, your team informs you that the deliverable meets the requirements in the contract but will not provide the functionality the customer needs. If the deliverable is late, the project will not be completed early. What action should you take?A. Provide the deliverable as it is.B. Inform the customer of the situation and work out a mutually agreeable solution.C. Start to compile a list of delays caused by the customer to prepare for negotiations.D. Cut out other activities in a way that will be unnoticed to provide more time to fix the deliverable.68.管理层已经向你保证如果你提前完成该项目,客户会给你一部分奖励。在最后完成一主要的交付成果时,你的团队告诉你该应付成果满足合同的要求但是不能提供客户所需的功能。如果该交付成果已经晚了,所以项目不能提前完成了。你应该采取什么措施?A.就这样递交交付成果B.告诉客户情况是这样的,寻找一个双方都能接受的解决方法C.开始由客户编写引起延误的列表以准备谈判D.悄悄削减其它活动以为修复该交付成果节约时间
答案B。选项A和D忽略了客户的最大利益。应已与其它变更命令一起解决了任何延期,所以选项C不对。正确的解决方法是和客户谈(选项B)。你也许还能赢得奖金并找到一个双方都同意的解决方法。想想告诉客户能带来的商誉。
69. Which of the following risk events is MOST likely to interfere with attaining project's schedule objective?A. Delays in obtaining required approvalsB. Substantial increases in the cost of purchased materialsC. Contract disputes that generate claims for increased paymentsD. Slippage of the planned post-implementation review meeting2869.下列哪项风险事件最有可能妨碍完成项目进度目标?A.推迟获得所需的授权B.购置材料的成本显著增加C.引起付款增加的合同分歧D.延误已计划好的实施后的审核会议
答案A。成本增加(选项B)和合同分歧(选项C)都不一定妨碍进度。注意选项D的用词“实施后”,不一定会妨碍项目进度。只有选项A能处理时间延期。
70. What should be done with risks on the watchlist?A. Document them for historical use on other projects.B. Document them and revisit during project executing.C. Document them and set them aside because they are already covered in your contingency plans.D. Document them and give them to the customer.70.应如何处理待观察风险清单上的风险?A.记录这些风险,作为其它项目的历史数据B.记录这些风险,在项目执行时在重新审核C.记录这些风险,把它们放到一边,因为应急预案已经包含它们了D.记录这些风险,把它们发给客户
答案B。风险在整个项目过程中不断的改变。你要在项目过程中每隔一段时间就审核风险,以保证非关键风险没有变成关键风险。
71. A project manager has just finished the risk response plan for a U.S. $387,000 engineering project. Which of the following should he probably do NEXT?A. Determine the overall risk rating of the project.B. Begin to analyze the risks that show up in the project drawings.C. Add work packages to the project work breakdown structure.D. Hold a project risk reassessment.71.一项目经理刚刚为一387,000美元的工程项目编制完风险应对计划。他下一步很可能怎么做?A.确定项目总体的风险级别B.开始分析项目图纸上出现的问题C.在项目的工作分解结构中增加工作包D.重估项目风险
答案C。本题是在项目计划编制时发生的。计划编制必须在进入下一步之前完成。确定项目的风险级别(选项A)在定量风险分析过程中完成,应该早就完成了。选项B是在项目执行期间完成的工作,重新评估项目风险(选项D)在风险监控过程中发生,是编制应对计划的下一步。但是本题没有问风险管理过程的下一步是什么。只有选项C是在项目计划编制之后的。你现在明白计划编制的顺序了吗?72. A workaround is-A. An unplanned response to a negative risk eventB. A plan of action to follow when something unexpected occursC. A specific response to certain types of risk as described in the risk management plan29D. A proactive, planned method of responding to risks72. 权变措施是指A. 对负面风险事件的一个应急反应B. 当没有预料到事情发生时遵循的一个行动计划C. 对风险管理计划中描述的风险的具体回应D. 一个前瞻性的、有计划的风险应对措施
答案A。出处:PMBOK2008(中) P312 11.6.3.3“11.6.3 风险监测与控制-成果-3.推荐的纠正措施:针对以往未曾识别或被动接受的、目前正在发生的风险而采取的未经事先计划的应对措施。提示:答案A,“负面风险”纯风险。答案B,注意“行动计划”
73. Risk tolerances are determined in order to help:A. the team rank the project risks.B. the project manager estimate the project.C. the team schedule the project.D. management know how other managers will act on the project.73.确定风险承受程度以帮助:A.团队为项目风险定级B.项目经理立项C.团队编制项目计划D.管理层了解其它经理会如何进行该项目
答案A。如果你知道项目干系人的承受程度,那么你就能判断他们对不同的情况和风险事件会如何反应。你用这些信息为每个工作包或活动的风险评级。
74. The project team se they have argued about everything. Luckily the project manager has set in place a reward system and team building sessions that will help and encourage the team to cooperate more. The latest thing they are arguing about is if they should complete a work package themselves or outsource the work to someone else. What part of the procurement process must they be in?A. Administer ProcurementsB. Plan ProcurementsC. Conduct ProcurementsD. Close Procurements74. 项目团队正在讨论。幸运的是项目经理已经建立了奖励机制和团队建设,有助于鼓励团队进一步合作。团队最近讨论的一件事是他们是否应自己完成一工作包还是外包给其他人。他们现在肯定是在采购过程的哪个阶段?A.管理采购B.规划采购C.实施采购D.结束采购
答案B。注意到了本题的大部分都是无关的吗?还注意到了吗本题没有用到那个词“生产购置决定”?相30反,题目使用了生产购置决定的定义。考试时要小心。生产购置决定要在采购过程的其它部分发生之前制定,所以它肯定是采购过程的初始步骤之一。
75. Your program manager has come to you, the project manager, for help with a bid for her newest project. You want to protect your company from financial risk. You have limited scope definition. What is the BEST type of contract to choose?A. Firm Fixed Pri

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