前言最近一段时间一直在研究指标公式，在通达信软件或APP指标平台中就有几百种可安装使用，百度一下更是数不胜数，抖音平台靠一个指标可以忽悠很多股民争相加粉卖课。指标到底有没有用，怎么使用指标，指标的赢面有多大（胜率或概率如何），如何优化指标，本文试图粗浅探讨一下指标公式的使用，以下是主要内容（由于生成不易，将逐一发布）1.如何从指标公式中提取选股公式2.指标评测与胜率3.指标评测结果分析4.交易策略制定和思路本节探讨第一部分：如何从指标公式中提取选股公式看到一个好的指标公式，买入信号比较明确且准确率较高，如何从几千只股票中选出刚触发买入信号的股票？需要提取出选股公式，创建自己的选股指标。说明：以下指标公式均在通达信中测试通过例1：MACD买卖指标公式DIFF:EMA(CLOSE,12)-EMA(CLOSE,26);DEA:EMA(DIFF,9);MACD:(DIFF-DEA)*2;低位金叉:CROSS(DIFF,DEA) AND DIFF<-0.1;JCCOUNT:=COUNT(CROSS(DIFF,DEA),BARSLAST(DEA>=0));二次金叉:CROSS(DIFF,DEA) AND DEA<0 AND COUNT(JCCOUNT=2,34)=1;A1:=BARSLAST(REF(CROSS(DIFF,DEA),1));底背离:REF(CLOSE,A1+1)>CLOSE AND DIFF>REF(DIFF,A1+1) AND CROSS(DIFF,DEA);A2:=BARSLAST(REF(CROSS(DEA,DIFF),1));顶背离:REF(CLOSE,A2+1)<CLOSE AND REF(DIFF,A2+1)>DIFF AND CROSS(DEA,DIFF),COLORRED;强:IF(DIFF>=DEA,DIFF,DRAWNULL),COLORRED,LINETHICK2;MACD买卖指标可以看到这个指标中“低位金叉”“二次金叉”“底背离”都是买入信号，“顶背离”是卖出信号。现在假如用“低位金叉”信号进行选股，选股公式是什么呢？首先找到“低位金叉”信号这一段：低位金叉:CROSS(DIFF,DEA) AND DIFF<-0.1;在这段公式中引用了“DIFF”、“DEA”二个变量，由此上溯找到这二个变量，把公式补齐如下：DIFF:EMA(CLOSE,12)-EMA(CLOSE,26);DEA:EMA(DIFF,9);低位金叉:CROSS(DIFF,DEA) AND DIFF<-0.1;但这样的选股公式是不行的，引用的变量是“:”，只要改成“:=”就可以了（冒号：赋值，并且输出。输出是指在看盘界面画出来。冒号加等号：赋值，不输出。不显示，但可以在指标代码中引用。）因此选股公式如下：DIFF:=EMA(CLOSE,12)-EMA(CLOSE,26);DEA:=EMA(DIFF,9);低位金叉:CROSS(DIFF,DEA) AND DIFF<-0.1;在通达信创建选股公式，选出的股票如下（绿色信号是低位金叉）：是不是很简单？现在我们做“二次金叉”的选股公式，把“二次金叉”的语句找出来，里面引用了“DIFF”、“DEA”、“JCCOUNT”三个变量，把这三个赋“:=”，得到“二次金叉”的选股公式如下：DIFF:=EMA(CLOSE,12)-EMA(CLOSE,26);DEA:=EMA(DIFF,9);JCCOUNT:=COUNT(CROSS(DIFF,DEA),BARSLAST(DEA>=0));二次金叉:CROSS(DIFF,DEA) AND DEA<0 AND COUNT(JCCOUNT=2,34)=1;“底背离”的选股公式大家可以做一做（引用了“DIFF”、“DEA”、“A1”）。这个例子公式还是清晰的，变量名也比较直观，变量名可以随意取只要不是通达信函数名就行，比如好多选股公式最后都是“XG:”“选股:”，而不是“低位金叉:”这种。总结一下，通过指标提取选股公式，首先找到信号语句（一般是买入信号），然后在这条语句往上追溯引用的变量，把所有变量找出来，按照指标公式原有的顺序把用到变量的语句写下来，最后把引用的变量改成“:=”。（我往往先把指标公式复制粘贴，把无用的语句删除，再把“:”改“:=”）例2：底部掘金指标公式趋势:5*SMA((CLOSE-LLV(LOW,27))/(HHV(HIGH,27)-LLV(LOW,27))*100,5,1)-3*SMA(SMA((CLOSE-LLV(LOW,27))/(HHV(HIGH,27)-LLV(LOW,27))*100,5,1),3,1)-SMA(SMA(SMA((CLOSE-LLV(LOW,27))/(HHV(HIGH,27)-LLV(LOW,27))*100,5,1),3,1),2,1),COLOR7F52AF;趋势1:EMA(MA(趋势,5),3),COLORA6B8C1;STICKLINE(趋势>=趋势1,趋势,趋势1,1,0),COLOR7F52AF;STICKLINE(趋势<趋势1,趋势,趋势1,1,0),COLORA6B8C1;STICKLINE(趋势>108 AND 趋势>=趋势1,趋势,108,1,0),COLORBLUE ;STICKLINE(趋势1>108 AND 趋势<趋势1,趋势1,108,1,0),COLORWHITE;STICKLINE(趋势<0 AND 趋势<趋势1,趋势,0,1,0),COLORF00FF0 ;STICKLINE(趋势1<0 AND 趋势>趋势1,趋势1,0,1,0),COLORF0F000;V1:=MA(C,5)=HHV(MA(C,5),20);V2:=MA(C,5)>MA(C,20);V3:=COUNT(MA(C,1)>REF(C,1),3)=3;风险:IF(V1 AND V2 AND V3,30,0),STICK,COLOR00FF00,LINETHICK8;V11:=MA(C,5)=HHV(MA(C,5),120);V21:=MA(C,5)>MA(C,120);V31:=COUNT(MA(C,1)>REF(C,1),3)=3;风险1:IF(V11 AND V21 AND V31,60,0),STICK,COLORF0F000,LINETHICK4;底部:0,COLORFF0D00;抄底:IF(CROSS(趋势,底部),60,0),STICK,COLORYELLOW,LINETHICK8;DRAWTEXT(抄底,1,'抄底'),COLORRED;天线:108,COLORFF9D00;逃顶:IF(CROSS(天线,趋势),1,0),STICK,COLORFF9D00;STICKLINE(CROSS(天线,趋势),90,108,2,0),COLORFF9D00;底部掘金指标看上去很复杂的指标公式，效果也很不错，来看看它的选股公式。先找买点语句，是黄色柱出现地方，是“抄底”那部分：抄底:IF(CROSS(趋势,底部),60,0),STICK,COLORYELLOW,LINETHICK8;DRAWTEXT(抄底,1,'抄底'),COLORRED;忽略这些“STICK，COLOR***，LINETHICK，DRAWTEXT”这些画线函数，剩下的只有：IF(CROSS(趋势,底部),60,0)。在通达信指标公式编辑器里，点击动态翻译，找到该语句翻译为：输出抄底:如果趋势上穿底部,返回60,否则返回0,STICK,画黄色,线宽为8。触发信号就是：CROSS(趋势,底部)。上溯“趋势”和“底部”语句，再加上“抄底”，得到：趋势:5*SMA((CLOSE-LLV(LOW,27))/(HHV(HIGH,27)-LLV(LOW,27))*100,5,1)-3*SMA(SMA((CLOSE-LLV(LOW,27))/(HHV(HIGH,27)-LLV(LOW,27))*100,5,1),3,1)-SMA(SMA(SMA((CLOSE-LLV(LOW,27))/(HHV(HIGH,27)-LLV(LOW,27))*100,5,1),3,1),2,1),COLOR7F52AF;底部:0,COLORFF0D00;抄底:CROSS(趋势,底部)去掉COLOR***（颜色）无关参数，把“趋势”和“底部”加上“=”号，最终得到选股公式：趋势:=5*SMA((CLOSE-LLV(LOW,27))/(HHV(HIGH,27)-LLV(LOW,27))*100,5,1)-3*SMA(SMA((CLOSE-LLV(LOW,27))/(HHV(HIGH,27)-LLV(LOW,27))*100,5,1),3,1)-SMA(SMA(SMA((CLOSE-LLV(LOW,27))/(HHV(HIGH,27)-LLV(LOW,27))*100,5,1),3,1),2,1);底部:=0;抄底:CROSS(趋势,底部);最后选出的股票如下图：就这么简单！例3：一年四倍主图指标公式均5:MA(CLOSE,5), COLOR0000FF;均10:MA(CLOSE,10) ,COLOR00FF00;VARC:=SMA(MAX(C-REF(C,1),0),6,1)/SMA(ABS(C-REF(C,1)),6,1)*100;DRAWICON(CROSS(82,VARC),HIGH,2);VAR6:=REF(C,1);VAR7:=SMA(MAX(C-VAR6,0),6,1)/SMA(ABS(C-VAR6),6,1)*100;DRAWTEXT(CROSS(84,VAR7),H*1.01,'▲逃庄'),COLORGREEN ;VAR32:=CLOSE/REF(CLOSE, 1)>=1.062 AND HIGH/CLOSE<1.005 AND MA(CLOSE, 90)/CLOSE>=1.150;VAR33:=VAR32 AND COUNT(VAR32, 20)=1 ;DRAWTEXT_FIX(C>O,0.01,0.9,0,0),COLORRED;VAR34:=(INDEXC-REF(INDEXC, 1))/REF(INDEXC, 1);VAR35:=(CLOSE-REF(CLOSE, 1))/REF(CLOSE, 1);VAR36:=IF(VAR34>0.010, 0.900, 1) AND IF(VAR34>(-0.025), 1, 1.200);VAR37:=VAR36*(VAR35-VAR34)*100;VAR38:=SUM(VAR37, 10);VAR39:=SMA(VAR38, 40, 1);VAR310:=VAR38>20;VAR311:=CROSS(CLOSE, MA(CLOSE*1.055, 3)) AND CLOSE>OPEN*1.060 AND VOL>=REF(VOL, 1)*1.5 AND CLOSE>=MA(CLOSE, 10);VAR312:=VAR310 AND VAR311 ;VAR313:=(-100)*(HHV(HIGH, 3)-CLOSE)/(HHV(HIGH, 3)-LLV(LOW, 3));VAR314:= CROSS(VAR313, (-87)) AND OPEN=1.090*REF(CLOSE, 1) AND INDEXC>0.980*REF(INDEXC, 1) AND CLOSE<=1.470*LLV(CLOSE, 58);VAR315:=EMA(CLOSE, 12)-EMA(CLOSE, 26);VAR316:=EMA(VAR315, 9);VAR317:=2*(VAR315-VAR316);VAR318:=(CLOSE-LLV(LOW, 9))/(HHV(HIGH, 9)-LLV(LOW, 9))*100;VAR319:=SMA(VAR318, 3, 1);VAR320:=SMA(VAR319, 3, 1);VAR321:=EMA(IF(VAR316>REF(VAR316, 1), 1, (-1)), 14)*14;VAR322:=EMA(IF(VAR320>REF(VAR320, 1), 1, (-1)), 14)*14*2;VAR323:=(MA(CLOSE, 5)/MA(CLOSE, 70)-1)*100;VAR324:=(VAR323+VAR322+VAR321)/3;VAR325:=MA(CLOSE, 80)-MA(CLOSE, 10)/3;VAR326:=IF(CLOSE AND MA(VOL, 5)/240 AND CLOSE>REF(CLOSE, 1)*1.0 AND CLOSE,88,0);{VAR38>VAR39;}VAR327:=IF(CLOSE/REF(CLOSE, 1)>1.050 AND VOL/CAPITAL*100<10 AND CLOSE<17 AND HIGH/CLOSE<1.010 AND VAR326>0, 91, 0);VAR328:=IF(VAR324>REF(VAR324, 1) AND REF(VAR324, 1)<REF(VAR324, 2) AND (VAR33 OR VAR312 OR VAR314) OR VAR326>0 OR VAR327>0, 85, 0);VAR329:=IF(VAR327>0 ,95,0), STICK,LINETHICK2;VAR330:=IF(VAR326>0 OR VAR327>0,91,0), STICK,LINETHICK2;VAR331:=IF(VAR328>0 OR VAR327>0 OR VAR326>0,88,0), STICK,LINETHICK2;VAR332:=100*(CLOSE-LLV(LOW,42))/(HHV(HIGH,42)-LLV(LOW,42)),LINETHICK1,COLORGREEN;VAR333:=COUNT(MA(CLOSE,3)>REF(MA(CLOSE,3),1),1)=1;VAR334:=(VAR332<93 AND VAR333 AND MAX(MAX(VAR329, VAR330), VAR331))*100;STICKLINE(VAR327>90,LOW*0.99,LOW*0.95,2,0),COLORYELLOW;DRAWTEXT(VAR327>90,LOW*0.95,'杀庄'),COLORYELLOW;DRAWICON(VAR310>0 AND VAR327=0,HIGH*1.01,5);一年四倍主图指标这是一个主图指标，信号“杀庄”是买入信号，怎么做“杀庄”的选股公式。这个公式没有太明显的变量，都是字母表示，好在“杀庄”信号有汉字，我们找到倒数第二行有'杀庄'二字，该语句是：DRAWTEXT(VAR327>90,LOW*0.95,'杀庄'),COLORYELLOW;触发信号就是：VAR327>90。上溯“VAR327”语句，得到：VAR327:=IF(CLOSE/REF(CLOSE, 1)>1.050 AND VOL/CAPITAL*100<10 AND CLOSE<17 AND HIGH/CLOSE<1.010 AND VAR326>0, 91, 0);这里又有VAR326>0，再上溯“VAR326”语句，得到：VAR326:=IF(CLOSE AND MA(VOL, 5)/240 AND CLOSE>REF(CLOSE, 1)*1.0 AND CLOSE,88,0);这句没有其他变量！因此选股公式是：VAR326:=IF(CLOSE AND MA(VOL, 5)/240 AND CLOSE>REF(CLOSE, 1)*1.0 AND CLOSE,88,0);VAR327:=IF(CLOSE/REF(CLOSE, 1)>1.050 AND VOL/CAPITAL*100<10 AND CLOSE<17 AND HIGH/CLOSE<1.010 AND VAR326>0, 91, 0);选股:VAR327>90;最后选出的股票如下图：《玩转指标1：如何从指标公式中提取选股公式》就写到这里，希望对大家有所帮助。下一节《玩转指标2：指标评测与胜率》见！